When a user opens up a web browser and types any URL – for example, http://www.packtpub.com/ – the following sequence of activities takes place :
- The browser makes a request to the Internet Service Provider (ISP) to perform
a reverse lookup of the IP address by providing the domain name.
- Once the IP address is retrieved, the request is then forwarded to the machine that owns the IP address. At that point, there is a web server that is waiting to consume the request; the web server could be one of the top web servers, such as Apache, IIS, Tomcat, and Nginx.
- The web server receives the request and looks at the headers that are part of the HTTP request; those headers pass the information about the request that was made to the web server.
- Once the web server parses those headers, it routes the request over to a server-side...
