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C# 7 and .NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development
C# 7 and .NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development

C# 7 and .NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development: Create powerful cross-platform applications using C# 7, .NET Core, and Visual Studio 2017 or Visual Studio Code , Second Edition

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C# 7 and .NET Core: Modern Cross-Platform Development

Chapter 2. Speaking C#

This chapter is about the C# language---the grammar and vocabulary that you will use every day to write the source code for your applications.

Programming languages have many similarities to human languages, except that in programming languages, we can make up our own words, just like Dr. Seuss!

In a book written by Dr. Seuss in 1950, If I Ran the Zoo states that:

"And then, just to show them, I'll sail to Ka-Troo And Bring Back an It-Kutch a Preep and a Proo A Nerkle, a Nerd and a Seersucker, too!"

To learn to speak C#, you will need to create some simple applications. To avoid overloading you with too much information too soon, the first few chapters of this book will use the simplest type of application: a console application.

This chapter covers the following topics:

  • Understanding C# basics
  • Declaring variables
  • Building console applications
  • Operating on variables

Understanding C# basics

Let's start with looking at the basics of the grammar and vocabulary of C#. In this chapter, you will create multiple console applications, each showing a feature of the C# language.

To manage these projects with Visual Studio 2017, we will put them all in a single solution. Visual Studio 2017 can only have one solution open at any one time, but each solution can group together multiple projects. A project can build a console application, a Windows desktop application, a web application, and dozens of others.

To manage these projects with Visual Studio Code, which does not support solutions, we will manually create a container folder named Chapter02. If you would like to use Visual Studio Code, skip to the section titled Using Visual Studio Code on macOS, Linux, or Windows.

Using Visual Studio 2017

Start Microsoft Visual Studio 2017. In Visual Studio, press Ctrl + Shift + N or choose the File | New | Project... menu.

In the New Project dialog, in the Installed...

Declaring variables

All applications process data. Data comes in, data is processed, and data goes out.

Data usually comes into our program from files, databases, or user input. Data can be put temporarily in variables that will be stored in the memory of the running program. When the program ends, the data in memory is lost. Data is usually output to files and databases, or to the screen or a printer.

When using variables, you should think about, first, how much space it takes in memory, and, second, how fast it can be processed.

We control this by picking an appropriate type. You can think of simple common types such as int and double as being different size storage boxes. A smaller box would take less memory but may not be as fast at being processed. Some of these boxes may be stacked close by, and some may be thrown into a big heap further away.

Naming variables

There are naming conventions for variables, and it is good practice to follow them, as shown in the following table:

Naming convention...

Building console applications

Console applications are text-based and are run at the command prompt. They typically perform simple tasks that need to be scripted, such as compiling a file or encrypting a section of a configuration file. They can have arguments passed to them to control their behavior for example, to encrypt the database connection strings section in a Web.config file, use the following command line:

aspnet_regiis -pdf "connectionStrings" "c:\mywebsite" 

Displaying output to the user

The two most common tasks that a console application performs are writing and reading data. We have already been using the WriteLine method to output. If we didn't want a carriage return at the end of lines, we could have used the Write method.

C# 6 and later has a handy feature named string interpolation. This allows us to easily output one or more variables in a nicely formatted manner. A string prefixed with $ can use curly braces around the name of a variable to output...

Operating on variables

Operators apply simple operations such as addition and multiplication to operands such as numbers. They usually return a new value that is the result of the operation.

Most operators are binary, meaning that they work on two operands, as shown in the following pseudocode:

    var resultOfOperation = FirstOperand operator SecondOperand; 

Some operators are unary, meaning they work on a single operand.

A ternary operator works on three operands.

Experimenting with unary operators

Two common unary operators are used to increment ++ and decrement -- a number.

In Visual Studio 2017, from the View menu, choose Other Windows, and then C# Interactive.

Note

In Visual Studio Code, create a new console application and write your own statements to output the results using Console.WriteLine().

Enter the following code:

> int i = 3;
> i
3

Note that when you enter a full statement ending in a semicolon, it is executed when you press Enter.

The first statement uses the assignment operator...

Understanding C# basics


Let's start with looking at the basics of the grammar and vocabulary of C#. In this chapter, you will create multiple console applications, each showing a feature of the C# language.

To manage these projects with Visual Studio 2017, we will put them all in a single solution. Visual Studio 2017 can only have one solution open at any one time, but each solution can group together multiple projects. A project can build a console application, a Windows desktop application, a web application, and dozens of others.

To manage these projects with Visual Studio Code, which does not support solutions, we will manually create a container folder named Chapter02. If you would like to use Visual Studio Code, skip to the section titled Using Visual Studio Code on macOS, Linux, or Windows.

Using Visual Studio 2017

Start Microsoft Visual Studio 2017. In Visual Studio, press Ctrl + Shift + N or choose the File | New | Project... menu.

In the New Project dialog, in the Installed | Templates...

Declaring variables


All applications process data. Data comes in, data is processed, and data goes out.

Data usually comes into our program from files, databases, or user input. Data can be put temporarily in variables that will be stored in the memory of the running program. When the program ends, the data in memory is lost. Data is usually output to files and databases, or to the screen or a printer.

When using variables, you should think about, first, how much space it takes in memory, and, second, how fast it can be processed.

We control this by picking an appropriate type. You can think of simple common types such as int and double as being different size storage boxes. A smaller box would take less memory but may not be as fast at being processed. Some of these boxes may be stacked close by, and some may be thrown into a big heap further away.

Naming variables

There are naming conventions for variables, and it is good practice to follow them, as shown in the following table:

Naming convention...

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon

Key benefits

  • Build modern, cross-platform applications with .NET Core
  • Get up to speed with C#, and up to date with all the latest features of C# 7
  • Start creating professional web applications with ASP.NET Core

Description

If you want to build powerful cross-platform applications with C# 7 and .NET Core, then this book is for you. First, we’ll run you through the basics of C#, as well as object-oriented programming, before taking a quick tour through the latest features of C# 7 such as tuples, pattern matching, out variables, and so on. After quickly taking you through C# and how .NET works, we’ll dive into the .NET Standard 1.6 class libraries, covering topics such as performance, monitoring, debugging, serialization and encryption. The final section will demonstrate the major types of application that you can build and deploy cross-device and cross-platform. In this section, we’ll cover Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps, web applications, mobile apps, and web services. Lastly, we’ll look at how you can package and deploy your applications so that they can be hosted on all of today’s most popular platforms, including Linux and Docker. By the end of the book, you’ll be armed with all the knowledge you need to build modern, cross-platform applications using C# and .NET Core.

Who is this book for?

This book is targeted towards readers who have some prior programming experience or have a science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) background, and want to gain a solid foundation with C# and to be introduced to the types of applications they could build and will work cross-platform on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

What you will learn

  • • Build cross-platform applications using C# 7 and .NET Core
  • • Explore ASP.NET Core and learn how to create professional web applications
  • • Improve your application's performance using multitasking
  • • Use Entity Framework Core and find out how to build code-first databases
  • • Master object-oriented programming with C# to increase code reuse and efficiency
  • • Familiarize yourself with cross-device app development using the Universal Windows Platform and XAML
  • • Query and manipulate data using LINQ
  • • Protect your data by using encryption and hashing
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Language : English
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Table of Contents

17 Chapters
1. Hello, C#! Welcome, .NET Core! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Speaking C# Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Controlling the Flow, Converting Types, and Handling Exceptions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Using .NET Standard Types Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Debugging, Monitoring, and Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Building Your Own Types with Object-Oriented Programming Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Implementing Interfaces and Inheriting Classes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Working with Databases Using the Entity Framework Core Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Querying and Manipulating Data with LINQ Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Working with Files, Streams, and Serialization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Protecting Your Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Improving Performance and Scalability with Multitasking Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. Building Universal Windows Platform Apps Using XAML Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
14. Building Web Applications Using ASP.NET Core MVC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
15. Building Mobile Apps Using Xamarin.Forms and ASP.NET Core Web API Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
16. Packaging and Deploying Your Code Cross-Platform Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. Answers to the Test Your Knowledge Questions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Frank Semeraro Sep 05, 2017
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Excellent reference. Very well written.
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Hawkeyedriver Nov 07, 2017
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I use this as a textbook now!
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Helena Mar 01, 2018
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very good
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MC May 19, 2017
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I like his style! Just started reading, but he gets down to business in a conversational education process.
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James Firminger Sep 07, 2017
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Great book from a great writer. Coming from an PHP / Open Source background, I'd alway been a little bit sceptcial of ASP.net, but the strides MS are making in opening in up the environment and making it multi-platform, really piqued my interest. Had a bit of experience with C#, but this took me further and I'm now starting to get to the point where I'm going to create my next web app in .NetCore.The book assumes no real knowledge of C#, but covers the basics. I skipped most of that and dug in to the more meaty bits (starting with custom events / delegates). All my questions were answered, due to the clarity of explanations.I programmed most of the examples using a Mac and then added my files to OneDrive, so that I could continue on my PC. Happy reading.
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