4.1.3 Linear algebra operations

The essential operator that performs most of the usual operations of linear algebra is the Python function dot. It is used for matrix-vector multiplications (see Section 4.2.4: The dot operations for more details):

dot(M, v) # matrix vector multiplication; returns a vector
M @ v # alternative formulation

It may be used to compute a scalar product between two vectors:

dot(v, w) 
# scalar product; the result is a scalar
v @ w # alternative formulation

Lastly, it is used to compute matrix-matrix products:

dot(M, N) # results in a matrix
M @ N # alternative formulation