Using a linear model and ANOVA to compare multiple groups in a single variable

ANOVA is a statistical method used to test whether there is a significant difference between two or more groups. ANOVA compares the variance within groups to the variance between groups to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the means of the groups. ANOVA is commonly used in experiments where a response variable is measured across several groups under different experimental conditions.

ANOVA can be used to compare gene expression levels across multiple samples under different experimental conditions, the response variable is the gene expression level, and the categorical variable is the experimental condition. ANOVA can also be used in clinical trials to compare the effectiveness of different treatments or interventions for a disease or medical condition.

Linear models can be used to perform ANOVA by fitting a linear model to the data with a categorical variable that represents...