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Mastering OpenCV with Practical Computer Vision Projects

You're reading from   Mastering OpenCV with Practical Computer Vision Projects This is the definitive advanced tutorial for OpenCV, designed for those with basic C++ skills. The computer vision projects are divided into easily assimilated chapters with an emphasis on practical involvement for an easier learning curve.

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Product type Paperback
Published in Dec 2012
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781849517829
Length 340 pages
Edition 1st Edition
Languages
Tools
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Toc

Table of Contents (15) Chapters Close

Mastering OpenCV with Practical Computer Vision Projects
Credits
About the Authors
About the Reviewers
www.PacktPub.com
Preface
1. Cartoonifier and Skin Changer for Android FREE CHAPTER 2. Marker-based Augmented Reality on iPhone or iPad 3. Marker-less Augmented Reality 4. Exploring Structure from Motion Using OpenCV 5. Number Plate Recognition Using SVM and Neural Networks 6. Non-rigid Face Tracking 7. 3D Head Pose Estimation Using AAM and POSIT 8. Face Recognition using Eigenfaces or Fisherfaces Index

Index

A

  • AAM / Overview
    • overview / Active Appearance Models overview
    • Model Instantiation / Model Instantiation – playing with the Active Appearance Model
    • search / AAM search and fitting
  • addRawViewOutput function / Accessing the camera
  • Algorithm
    • TopicngetList() function / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
  • algorithms, for descriptor matching
    • brute force matcher / Matching of feature points
    • flann-based matcher / Matching of feature points
  • alien mode
    • generating, skin detection used / Generating an "alien" mode using skin detection
  • ALPR
    • about / Introduction to ANPR
  • Android
    • program, porting from desktop to / Porting from desktop to Android
  • Android 2.2 (Froyo) / Porting from desktop to Android
  • Android app
    • reviewing / Reviewing the Android app
    • Frames Per Second, displaying for / Showing the FPS of the app
  • Android Cartoonifier app
    • customizing / Customizing the app
  • Android Emulator / Porting from desktop to Android
  • Android gallery
    • about / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
    • image, saving to / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • Android menu bar
    • cartoon modes, modifying through / Changing cartoon modes through the Android menu bar
  • Android NDK app
    • cartoonifier code, adding to / Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app
  • Android notification message
    • displaying, for saved image / Showing an Android notification message about a saved image
  • Android project
    • setting up / Setting up an Android project that uses OpenCV
    • color formats, used for image processing / Color formats used for image processing on Android
    • color format, inputting from camera / Input color format from the camera
    • output color format, for display / Output color format for display
  • ANN algorithm
    • about / OCR classification
  • annotation tool
    • using / Annotation tool
  • ANPR
    • about / Introduction to ANPR
    • overview / Introduction to ANPR
  • ANPR algorithm
    • about / ANPR algorithm
    • pattern recognition steps / ANPR algorithm
    • plate detection / Plate detection
    • plate recognition / Plate recognition
  • application architecture
    • about / Application architecture
  • application infrastructure
    • about / Application infrastructure
    • ARPipeline.hpp / ARPipeline.hpp
    • ARPipeline.cpp / ARPipeline.cpp
    • support, enabling for 3D visualization in OpenCV / Enabling support for 3D visualization in OpenCV
  • arbitrary image, on video
    • searching, feature descriptors used / Using feature descriptors to find an arbitrary image on video
  • ARDrawingContext.cpp file / ARDrawingContext.cpp
  • ARDrawingContext.hpp file / ARDrawingContext.hpp
  • ARDrawingContext class / ARDrawingContext.hpp, ARDrawingContext.cpp
  • ARPipeline.cpp file
    • about / ARPipeline.cpp
  • ARPipeline.hpp file / ARPipeline.hpp
  • ARPipeline class
    • about / ARPipeline.hpp
  • AR scene
    • rendering / Rendering an AR scene
  • Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
    • about / Plate recognition
  • ASM / Overview
    • about / Active Shape Models
    • PCA, working with / Getting the feel of PCA
    • triangulation / Triangulation
    • triangle texture warping / Triangle texture warping
  • Augmented Reality (AR)
    • rendering / Rendering augmented reality
  • Augmented Reality (AR), rendering
    • ARDrawingContext.hpp / ARDrawingContext.hpp
    • ARDrawingContext.cpp / ARDrawingContext.cpp
  • Augmented Reality (AR) application
    • about / Application architecture
    • components / Application architecture
    • camera, accessing / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureDevice class / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureMovieFileOutput interface
    • about / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureSession object / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureStillImageOutput interface
    • about / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureVideoDataOutput class / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureVideoDataOutput interface
    • about / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer class / Accessing the camera
  • AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer interface
    • about / Accessing the camera
  • AVI
    • about / Introduction to ANPR

B

  • bilateralFilter() method / Generating a color painting and a cartoon
  • black and white sketch
    • generating / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • brute force matcher
    • about / Matching of feature points
  • bucket fill tool / Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • buildPatternFromImage class
    • about / PatternDetector.cpp
  • buildProjectionMatrix function / ARDrawingContext.cpp
  • Bundle Adjustment (BA) / Refinement of the reconstruction

C

  • calc_scale function / Training and visualization, Training and visualization
  • camera
    • color format, inputting from / Input color format from the camera
    • accessing / Accessing the camera
  • camera-intrinsic matrix
    • about / Obtaining the camera-intrinsic matrix
    • obtaining / Obtaining the camera-intrinsic matrix
  • CameraCalibration class
    • about / Camera calibration
  • camera calibration process
    • about / Camera calibration
  • camera matrices
    • finding / Finding camera matrices
  • camera motion
    • estimating, from a pair of images / Estimating the camera motion from a pair of images
  • camera motion estimation, from pair of images
    • about / Estimating the camera motion from a pair of images
    • point matching, rich feature descriptors used / Point matching using rich feature descriptors
    • point matching, optical flow used / Point matching using optical flow
    • camera matrices, finding / Finding camera matrices
  • camera resolution
    • using / Using a different camera resolution
  • camera_cailbration.exe package / Obtaining the camera-intrinsic matrix
  • candidates search / Candidates search
  • Canny edge detector
    • about / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • cartoon
    • generating / Generating a color painting and a cartoon
  • cartoon.cpp file / Generating a black-and-white sketch, Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app
  • cartoonifier code
    • adding, to Android NDK app / Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app
  • CartoonifierView class / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • cartoonifyImage() function / Generating a black-and-white sketch, Porting from desktop to Android, Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app, Showing an Android notification message about a saved image
  • CartoonifyImage() function / Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app
  • cartoon modes
    • modifying, through Android menu bar / Changing cartoon modes through the Android menu bar
  • CharSegment class / OCR segmentation
  • CIELab color space / Skin-detection algorithm
  • classification
    • about / Classification
  • collection mode / Collection mode
  • color format
    • inputting, from camera / Input color format from the camera
    • outputting, for display / Output color format for display
  • color formats
    • used, for image processing on Android / Color formats used for image processing on Android
  • color painting
    • generating / Generating a color painting and a cartoon
  • components. Augmented Reality (AR) application
    • video source / Application architecture
    • image processing routine / Application architecture
    • visualization engine / Application architecture
  • computePose function / Pattern.cpp
  • contours detection
    • about / Contours detection
  • convertTo function / Feature extraction
  • corner-based feature detectors / Feature extraction
  • correlation-based patch models
    • about / Correlation-based patch models
    • discriminative patch models / Learning discriminative patch models, Generative versus discriminative patch models
    • generative patch models / Generative versus discriminative patch models
  • countNonZero function / Feature extraction
  • CPR
    • about / Introduction to ANPR
  • cross-match filter
    • about / Cross-match filter
  • cv
    • TopicninitModule_contrib() function / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
    • TopicnAlgorithmTopicn / Training the face recognition system from collected faces, Viewing the learned knowledge
  • cv**BFMatcher class / Cross-match filter
  • cv**cornerSubPix function / Marker location refinement
  • cv**countNonZero function / Marker code recognition
  • cv**FeatureDetector class / Feature extraction
  • cv**findCountours function / Contours detection
  • cv**findHomography function / Homography estimation
  • cv**FlannBasedMatcher method / Matching of feature points
  • cv**getPerspectiveTransform function / Candidates search
  • cv**getTextSize() function / Drawing the GUI elements
  • cv**imshow() method / Main camera processing loop for a desktop app
  • cv**Mat object / Accessing the webcam
  • cv**normalize() function / Viewing the learned knowledge
  • cv**putText() function / Drawing the GUI elements
  • cv**setOpenGlDrawCallback method / ARDrawingContext.cpp
  • cv**solvePnP function / Obtaining the camera-intrinsic matrix
  • cv**VideoCapture**set() method / Accessing the webcam
  • cv**VideoCapture object / Accessing the webcam
  • cv**waitKey() method / Main camera processing loop for a desktop app
  • cv**WINDOW_OPENGL flag / Creating OpenGL windows using OpenCV
  • cv\
    • \TopicnVideoCapture class / Training and visualization

D

  • 3D
    • marker, placing in / Placing a marker in 3D
  • 3DMM / Overview
  • 3D point clouds
    • visualizing, with PCL / Visualizing 3D point clouds with PCL
  • 3D virtual object
    • rendering / Rendering the 3D virtual object
  • 3D visualization
    • support, enabling in OpenCV / Enabling support for 3D visualization in OpenCV
  • data.txt file / Evaluation
  • Delaunay triangulation / Triangulation
  • demonstration project
    • about / Demonstration
    • main.cpp / main.cpp
  • descriptor
    • about / Point matching using rich feature descriptors
  • descriptor-extraction algorithms / Feature extraction
  • desktop app
    • main camera processing loop / Main camera processing loop for a desktop app
  • detected feature points
    • about / Feature extraction
  • detection mode / Detection mode
  • detection process
    • controlling / Putting it all together
  • detectLargestObject()function / Eye search regions
  • detect method / Feature extraction
  • DetectRegions class / Classification
  • dilate() method / Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • DirectX / Rendering the 3D virtual object
  • display
    • color format, outputting for / Output color format for display
  • drawFrame function / Rendering an AR scene
  • drawString() function / Drawing the GUI elements

E

  • EAGLView class / Creating the OpenGL rendering layer, Rendering an AR scene
  • edge filters
    • used, for generating evil mode / Generating an "evil" mode using edge filters, Skin-detection algorithm, Showing the user where to put their face, Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • ellipse() function / Showing the user where to put their face
  • equalizeHist() function / Step 2: Face preprocessing
  • erode() method / Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • errors, matching
    • false-positive matches / Outlier removal
    • false-negative matches / Outlier removal
  • estimatePosition function / Marker pose estimation
  • evil mode
    • generating, edge filters used / Generating an "evil" mode using edge filters, Skin-detection algorithm, Showing the user where to put their face, Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • example code
    • using / Using the example code
  • extraction
    • about / Point matching using rich feature descriptors
  • eye search regions
    • about / Eye search regions
    • cascade classifier / Eye search regions
    • example / Eye search regions
    • face preprocessing, performing / Eye search regions
    • geometrical transformation / Geometrical transformation, Separate histogram equalization for left and right sides
    • histogram equalization / Separate histogram equalization for left and right sides
    • pixel noise effect, reducing / Smoothing
    • Elliptical mask / Elliptical mask

F

  • face
    • detecting / Detecting the face
  • face detection
    • about / Face detection and initialization, Introduction to face recognition and face detection, Step 1: Face detection
    • implementing, OpenCV / Implementing face detection using OpenCV
    • Haar for object, loading / Loading a Haar or LBP detector for object or face detection
    • LBP detector for object, loading / Loading a Haar or LBP detector for object or face detection
    • webcam, accessing / Accessing the webcam
    • object detecting, LBP Classifier used / Detecting an object using the Haar or LBP Classifier
    • object detecting, Haar used / Detecting an object using the Haar or LBP Classifier
  • face preprocessing / Introduction to face recognition and face detection
    • about / Step 2: Face preprocessing
    • eye, detecting / Eye detection
    • eye search regions / Eye search regions
  • face recognition
    • about / Introduction to face recognition and face detection, Step 4: Face recognition
    • from face / Face identification: Recognizing people from their face
    • claimed person, verifying / Face verification: Validating that it is the claimed person
    • files, saving / Finishing touches: Saving and loading files
    • files, loading / Finishing touches: Saving and loading files
    • interactive GUI, creating / Finishing touches: Making a nice and interactive GUI
  • FaceRecognizer**train() function / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
  • faces
    • collecting / Step 3: Collecting faces and learning from them
    • researching / Step 3: Collecting faces and learning from them
    • preprocessed faces, collecting / Collecting preprocessed faces for training
    • face recognition system, training / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
    • internal data structures, viewing / Viewing the learned knowledge
    • average face / Average face
    • eigenvalues / Eigenvalues, Eigenfaces, and Fisherfaces
    • eigenfaces / Eigenvalues, Eigenfaces, and Fisherfaces
    • Fisherfaces / Eigenvalues, Eigenfaces, and Fisherfaces
  • face tracking
    • about / Face tracking
    • implementing / Face tracker implementation
    • visualization / Training and visualization
    • training / Training and visualization
    • person-specific models / Generic versus person-specific models
    • geometric-specific models / Generic versus person-specific models
  • face tracking algorithms
    • data training, image component / Training data types
    • data training, annotations componentt / Training data types
    • data training, symmetry indices component / Training data types
    • data training, connectivity indices component / Training data types
    • data training, components / Training data types
  • face_detector class / Face detection and initialization
  • facial feature detectors
    • using / Facial feature detectors
    • advantages / Facial feature detectors
    • correlation-based patch models / Correlation-based patch models
    • global geometric transformations / Accounting for global geometric transformations
    • visualization / Training and visualization
    • training / Training and visualization
  • false-negative matches
    • about / Outlier removal
  • false-positive matches
    • about / Outlier removal
  • feature descriptors
    • used, for searching arbitrary image on video / Using feature descriptors to find an arbitrary image on video
    • about / Feature extraction
  • feature detection
    • about / Feature extraction
  • feature extraction
    • about / Feature extraction, Feature extraction
  • feature point
    • about / Using feature descriptors to find an arbitrary image on video
  • feature point orientation
    • about / Feature extraction
  • feature points
    • detecting / Feature extraction
    • matching / Matching of feature points
  • Find Contours algorithm
    • about / OCR segmentation
  • findContours function / Segmentation
  • findFundamentalMat function / Estimating the camera motion from a pair of images
  • flag parameter / Segmentation
  • flags parameter / Detecting the face
  • flann-based matcher
    • about / Matching of feature points
  • floodFill() function / Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • floodFill function / Segmentation
  • Frames Per Second speed
    • displaying, of Android app / Showing the FPS of the app
  • FREAK algorithm
    • about / Feature extraction
  • ft_data class / Training data types

G

  • geometrical constraints
    • about / Geometrical constraints
    • procrustes analysis / Procrustes analysis
    • linear shape models / Linear shape models
    • combined local-global representation / A combined local-global representation
    • training / Training and visualization
    • visualization / Training and visualization
  • getResult method / Application architecture
  • getSimilarity() function / Face verification: Validating that it is the claimed person
  • getStructuringElement function / Segmentation
  • grayscale conversion / Grayscale conversion
  • GUI
    • creating / Finishing touches: Making a nice and interactive GUI
    • modes, creating / Finishing touches: Making a nice and interactive GUI
    • elements, drawing / Drawing the GUI elements
    • mouse clicks, checking / Checking and handling mouse clicks
    • mouse clicks, handling / Checking and handling mouse clicks
  • GUI elements
    • drawing / Drawing the GUI elements
    • startup mode / Startup mode
    • detection mode / Detection mode
    • collection mode / Collection mode
    • training mode / Training mode
    • recognition mode / Recognition mode

H

  • Hamming Code
    • about / Marker code recognition
  • homography estimation / Homography estimation
    • PatternDetector.cpp / PatternDetector.cpp
  • homography refinement
    • about / Homography refinement
    • PatternDetector.cpp / PatternDetector.cpp
  • HSV (Hue-Saturation-Brightness) / Skin-detection algorithm, Implementation of the skin-color changer

I

  • ICCV conference papers
    • URL / Customizing the app
  • image
    • cartoonifying / Cartoonifying the image when the user taps the screen
    • saving, to Android gallery / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • image binarization / Image binarization
  • image recognition
    • about / Using feature descriptors to find an arbitrary image on video
  • imwrite() function / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • Infrared (IR) camera
    • about / Introduction to ANPR
  • initWithCoder function / Creating the OpenGL rendering layer
  • inside() function / Checking and handling mouse clicks
  • iOS project
    • creating / Creating an iOS project that uses OpenCV
    • OpenCV framework, adding / Adding OpenCV framework
    • OpenCV headers, including / Including OpenCV headers
  • Iterative Closest Point(ICP) procedure / Reconstruction from many views

J

  • JavaCV library / Porting from desktop to Android
  • JNI (Java Native Interface) / Porting from desktop to Android

K

  • k-nearest neighbor (kNN) radius / Point matching using optical flow
  • keypoints container
    • about / Feature extraction

L

  • Laplacian filters
    • about / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • LDA / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
  • loDiff parameter / Segmentation

M

  • main camera processing loop
    • for desktop app / Main camera processing loop for a desktop app
  • marker
    • about / Marker detection
    • placing, in 3D / Placing a marker in 3D
    • strengths / Marker-based versus marker-less AR
    • limitations / Marker-based versus marker-less AR
  • marker, in 3D
    • camera calibration process / Camera calibration
    • marker pose estimation / Marker pose estimation
  • marker-based approach
    • versus marker-less approach / Marker-based versus marker-less AR
  • marker-less AR approach
    • versus marked-based AR approach / Marker-based versus marker-less AR
    • strengths / Marker-based versus marker-less AR
  • marker code
    • reading / Reading marker code
  • marker code recognition
    • about / Marker code recognition
    • marker code, reading / Reading marker code
    • location refinement / Marker location refinement
  • marker detection procedure
    • about / Marker detection
    • marker identification / Marker identification
    • contours detection / Contours detection
    • candidates search / Candidates search
  • marker detection routine
    • about / Marker identification
    • grayscale conversion / Grayscale conversion
    • image binarization / Image binarization
  • MarkerDetector class / Application architecture, Marker detection
  • MarkerDetector function / Image binarization
  • marker location refinement / Marker location refinement
  • marker pose estimation
    • about / Marker pose estimation
  • Mat**channels() method / Output color format for display
  • match function / Matching of feature points
  • matching
    • errors / Outlier removal
    • about / Point matching using rich feature descriptors
  • mbgra variable / Output color format for display
  • minAreaRect function / Segmentation
  • minContourPointsAllowed variable / Contours detection
  • minFeatureSize parameter / Detecting the face
  • minMaxLoc function / Feature extraction
  • minNeighbors parameter / Detecting the face
  • morphologyEx function / Segmentation
  • MUCT dataset
    • about / Pre-annotated data (The MUCT dataset)
    • using / Pre-annotated data (The MUCT dataset)
  • Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)
    • about / OCR classification

N

  • NDK (Native Development Kit) / Porting from desktop to Android
  • newVal parameter / Segmentation
  • nextFrameShouldBeSaved()function / Cartoonifying the image when the user taps the screen
  • nextFrameShouldBeSaved() function / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • non-rigid face tracking
    • overview / Overview

O

  • object detection
    • grayscale color conversion / Grayscale color conversion
    • camera image, shrinking / Shrinking the camera image
    • histogram equalization / Histogram equalization
  • OCR
    • about / Introduction to ANPR
  • OCR**train function / OCR classification
  • OCR.xml file / Evaluation
  • OCR classification
    • about / OCR classification
  • OCR segmentation
    • about / OCR segmentation
  • Ogre / Rendering the 3D virtual object
  • onMouse function / Checking and handling mouse clicks
  • onTouch() function / Cartoonifying the image when the user taps the screen
  • OpenCV
    • webcam, accessing / Accessing the webcam
    • about / Accessing the webcam, Creating an iOS project that uses OpenCV
    • main camera processing loop, for desktop app / Main camera processing loop for a desktop app
    • Android project, setting up / Setting up an Android project that uses OpenCV
    • adding, to iOS project / Creating an iOS project that uses OpenCV
    • URL / Adding OpenCV framework
    • feature detection algorithms / Feature extraction
    • support, enabling for 3D visualization / Enabling support for 3D visualization in OpenCV
    • used, for creating OpenGL windows / Creating OpenGL windows using OpenCV
    • used, for capturing videos / Video capture using OpenCV
    • used, for face detection implementing / Implementing face detection using OpenCV
  • OpenCV framework
    • adding, to iOS project / Adding OpenCV framework
  • OpenCV headers
    • adding, to iOS project / Including OpenCV headers
  • OpenCV v2.4.1
    • recognition algorithms / Training the face recognition system from collected faces
  • OpenGL / Rendering the 3D virtual object
    • rendering layer, creating / Creating the OpenGL rendering layer
  • OpenGL rendering layer
    • creating / Creating the OpenGL rendering layer
  • OpenGL windows
    • creating, OpenCV used / Creating OpenGL windows using OpenCV
  • optical flow (OF)
    • used, for point matching / Point matching using optical flow
  • ORB algorithm
    • about / Feature extraction
  • outlier removal
    • about / Outlier removal
    • cross-match filter / Cross-match filter
    • ratio test / Ratio test
    • homography estimation / Homography estimation
    • homography refinement / Homography refinement

P

  • .pch file / Including OpenCV headers
  • Pattern.cpp / Pattern.cpp
  • PatternDetector.cpp
    • about / PatternDetector.cpp
    / PatternDetector.cpp, PatternDetector.cpp, PatternDetector.cpp
  • PatternDetector.cpp file / PatternDetector.cpp
  • PatternMatcher class / Putting it all together
  • pattern object
    • defining / Definition of a pattern object
  • Pattern object
    • about / PatternDetector.cpp
  • pattern pose estimation
    • about / Pattern pose estimation
    • PatternDetector.cpp / PatternDetector.cpp
  • pattern recognition algorithms, steps
    • segmentation / ANPR algorithm
    • feature extraction / ANPR algorithm
    • classification / ANPR algorithm
  • Perspective N-Point(PNP) / Reconstruction from many views
  • plate detection procedure
    • about / Plate detection
    • segmentation / Segmentation
    • classification / Classification
  • plate recognition procedure
    • about / Plate recognition
    • OCR segmentation / OCR segmentation
    • feature extraction / Feature extraction
    • OCR classification / OCR classification
    • evaluation / Evaluation
  • Point Cloud Library (PCL)
    • used, for visualizing 3D point clouds / Visualizing 3D point clouds with PCL
    • about / Visualizing 3D point clouds with PCL
  • POS / POSIT
  • POSIT
    • about / POSIT
    • dividing into / Diving into POSIT
    • head model / POSIT and head model
    • video file, tracing from / Tracking from webcam or video file
    • webcam, tracing from / Tracking from webcam or video file
  • predict() function / Face verification: Validating that it is the claimed person
  • printMat() function / Viewing the learned knowledge
  • printMatInfo() function / Viewing the learned knowledge
  • processFrame() function / Output color format for display, Cartoonifying the image when the user taps the screen, Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery, Application architecture
  • processFrame function / main.cpp
  • processSingleImage function / main.cpp
  • Procrustes Analysis / Active Shape Models
  • program
    • porting, from desktop to Android / Porting from desktop to Android
  • ProjectedHistogram function / Feature extraction

Q

  • query descriptors
    • matching / PatternDetector.cpp

R

  • random pepper noise
    • reducing, from sketch image / Reducing the random pepper noise from the sketch image
  • random sample consensus (RANSAC) method / Homography estimation
  • ratio test
    • about / Ratio test
    • PatternDetector.cpp / PatternDetector.cpp
    • used, for performing robust descriptor matching / PatternDetector.cpp
  • real-life image
    • converting, to sketch drawing / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • recognition mode / Recognition mode
  • reconstruction, scene
    • refining / Refinement of the reconstruction
  • removePepperNoise() function / Reducing the random pepper noise from the sketch image
  • RGB (Red-Green-Blue) / Skin-detection algorithm, Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • robust descriptor matching
    • performing, ratio test used / PatternDetector.cpp
  • RotatedRect class / Segmentation
  • rotation invariant
    • about / Feature extraction

S

  • saved image
    • Android notification message, displaying for / Showing an Android notification message about a saved image
  • savePNGImageToGallery() function / Saving the image to a file and to the Android picture gallery
  • savingRegions variable / Classification
  • scene
    • reconstructing / Reconstructing the scene
    • reconstructing, from multiple view / Reconstruction from many views
  • Scharr
    • about / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • searchScaleFactor parameter / Detecting the face
  • segmentation
    • about / Segmentation
  • setupCamera() function / Using a different camera resolution
  • showNotificationMessage() function / Showing an Android notification message about a saved image
  • ShowPreview() function / Output color format for display, Adding the cartoonifier code to the Android NDK app, Cartoonifying the image when the user taps the screen
  • SIFT
    • about / Feature extraction
  • Simple Sparse Bundle Adjustment (SSBA) library / Refinement of the reconstruction
  • Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) / Finding camera matrices
  • sketch drawing
    • real-life image, converting to / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • sketch image
    • random pepper noise, reducing from / Reducing the random pepper noise from the sketch image
  • skin color changer
    • implementing / Implementation of the skin-color changer
  • skin detection
    • used, for generating alien mode / Generating an "alien" mode using skin detection
  • Skin detection algorithm
    • about / Skin-detection algorithm
  • Sobel
    • about / Generating a black-and-white sketch
  • Sobel filter
    • about / Segmentation
  • solvePnP functions / Reconstruction from many views
  • solvePnPRansac function / Reconstruction from many views
  • Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) features
    • about / Point matching using rich feature descriptors
  • Startup mode / Startup mode
  • statistical outlier removal (SOR) tool / Visualizing 3D point clouds with PCL
  • Structure from Motion (SfM)
    • exploring / Structure from Motion concepts
  • subspaceProject() function / Face verification: Validating that it is the claimed person
  • subspaceReconstruct() function / Face verification: Validating that it is the claimed person
  • Support Vector Machine (SVM)
    • about / Plate detection
  • Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm / Classification
  • SURF
    • about / Feature extraction
  • surfaceChanged() function / Using a different camera resolution
  • SVD / Linear shape models

T

  • threshold function / Segmentation
  • training mode / Training mode
  • TriangulatePoints function / Reconstruction from many views

U

  • UIGetScreenImage function / Accessing the camera
  • UIViewController interface / Application architecture
  • Unity / Rendering the 3D virtual object
  • Unreal Engine / Rendering the 3D virtual object
  • upDiff parameter / Segmentation
  • user face
    • placing, for alien mode / Showing the user where to put their face
  • utilities
    • about / Utilities
    • Object-oriented design / Object-oriented design
    • data collections / Data collection: Image and video annotation

V

  • videos
    • capturing, OpenCV used / Video capture using OpenCV
  • VideoSource interface / Accessing the camera
  • ViewController class / Application architecture
  • VisualizationController / Application architecture
  • VisualizationControllerclass / Rendering an AR scene

W

  • warpAffine() function / Geometrical transformation
  • warpAffine function / Segmentation, Triangle texture warping
  • webcam
    • accessing / Accessing the webcam
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