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Home > Web Development > Responsive Web Development > Mastering Bootstrap 4
Mastering Bootstrap 4
Mastering Bootstrap 4

Mastering Bootstrap 4: Learn how to build beautiful and highly customizable web interfaces by leveraging the power of Bootstrap 4

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Profile Icon Benjamin Jakobus Profile Icon Jason Marah
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Mastering Bootstrap 4

Chapter 2. Making a Style Statement

In the previous chapter, we showed you a first glimpse of MyPhoto, the Bootstrap website that we are going to build up throughout the following chapters. Now it is time to get our hands dirty, and actually start building the first section of this website. A first pass at an element of the Services section that presents the list of print sizes available to order. We will achieve this by building a grid using Bootstrap's grid system, creating image elements within the grid system, applying image modifiers, and leveraging Bootstrap's utility classes to create visual indicators and optimized layouts specific to different display resolutions.

By the end of this chapter, through code examples and studying the Bootstrap source code, you will have gained a deep understanding of the following:

  • Bootstrap's grid system
  • Responsive images within Bootstrap
  • Bootstrap's helper classes
  • Bootstrap's responsive utilities

The grid system

Bootstrap's grid system is arguably its most impressive and most commonly used feature. Therefore, mastering it is essential for any Bootstrap developer as the grid system removes many of the pain-points associated with page layouts, especially responsive page layouts. The grid system solves issues such as the horizontal and vertical positioning of a page's contents and the structure of the page across multiple display widths.

As already noted in Chapter 1, Revving up Bootstrap, Bootstrap 4 is mobile-first. As such, it should come as no surprise that the grid system is optimized for smaller viewports and scales up to suit larger viewports, as opposed to scaling down to smaller viewports.

Note

What is a viewport?

A viewport is the available display size to render the contents of a page. For example, the size of your browser window, minus the toolbars, scrollbars, and so on, on your display is your viewport. As already noted in Chapter 1 , Revving Up Bootstrap...

Image elements

As a next step, let us add an image to each column in our grid. Each image will act as a category heading, as well as allow us to display our photographic wares. The images used in the following part, and throughout the rest of the book, are provided with this book. Take a look at the following code:

    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 push-sm-3">
        <img src="images/small.jpg">
        <h5>Small</h5>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-sm-4">6x5</div>
            <div class="col-sm-4">8x10</div>
            <div class="col-sm-4">11x17</div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 push-sm...

Responsive utilities

Responsive utilities are a group of media query-based classes that control when an element should be hidden or shown depending on the viewport. One popular use case for this is controlling display specific navigations. For example, a page may have a navigation bar on large displays and have a hidden navigation on small displays which is only displayed when a user chooses to open the navigation.

Let's look at a quick example with our Print Size page. Add the hidden-xs-down class to the img elements:

    <div class="container">
        <h1>Our Print Sizes</h1>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 push-sm-3">
                <img src="images/small.jpg" class="img-fluid img-circle
               ...

Helper classes

Bootstrap also provides some utility classes, which Bootstrap refers to as helper classes. The helper classes provide some basic styles to accentuate information on a page. Their purpose is to give the user some context to the information they are receiving and to provide the developer with styling techniques, outside of the grid system.

Context

Bootstrap defines six context types to give a visual indicator to the user of what type of information is being conveyed: muted, primary, success, info, warning, and danger, as well as providing the developer with simple classes to assign context to elements via text color, text-<context> or background color, bg-<context>.

Let's apply some context to our example. We will add two prices to each size: a regular price and a special offer price. We will apply a success context to the special offer price and a muted context to the regular price. Print sizes with prices reduced by €10 or more will be given an info context...

The grid system

Bootstrap's grid system is arguably its most impressive and most commonly used feature. Therefore, mastering it is essential for any Bootstrap developer as the grid system removes many of the pain-points associated with page layouts, especially responsive page layouts. The grid system solves issues such as the horizontal and vertical positioning of a page's contents and the structure of the page across multiple display widths.

As already noted in Chapter 1, Revving up Bootstrap, Bootstrap 4 is mobile-first. As such, it should come as no surprise that the grid system is optimized for smaller viewports and scales up to suit larger viewports, as opposed to scaling down to smaller viewports.

Note

What is a viewport?

A viewport is the available display size to render the contents of a page. For example, the size of your browser window, minus the toolbars, scrollbars, and so on, on your display is your viewport. As already noted in Chapter 1 , Revving Up Bootstrap, mobile devices...

Image elements

As a next step, let us add an image to each column in our grid. Each image will act as a category heading, as well as allow us to display our photographic wares. The images used in the following part, and throughout the rest of the book, are provided with this book. Take a look at the following code:

    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 push-sm-3">
        <img src="images/small.jpg">
        <h5>Small</h5>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-sm-4">6x5</div>
            <div class="col-sm-4">8x10</div>
            <div class="col-sm-4">11x17</div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 push-sm-3">
        <img src="images/medium.jpg">
        <h5>Medium</h5>
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-sm-4">12x18</div>
            <div class...
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Key benefits

  • Adapt and customize Bootstrap to produce enticing websites that fit your needs
  • Explore Bootstrap's grid system, helper classes, and responsive utilities
  • Extend Bootstrap with jQuery plugins and learn how to create your own custom plugins

Description

Bootstrap 4 is a free CSS and JavaScript framework that allows developers to rapidly build responsive web-interfaces. Right from the first chapter, dive into building a customized Bootstrap website from scratch. Get to grips with Bootstrap’s key features and quickly discover the various ways in which Bootstrap can help you develop web-interfaces. Then take walk through the fundamental features, such as its grid system, helper classes, and responsive utilities. When you have mastered these, you will discover how to structure page layouts, use forms, style different types of content and utilize Bootstrap’s various navigation components. Among other things, you will also tour the anatomy of a Bootstrap plugin, creating your own custom components and extending Bootstrap using jQuery. Finally, you will discover how to optimize your website and integrate it with third-party frameworks. By the end of this book, you will have a thorough knowledge of the framework’s ins and outs, and be able to build highly customizable and optimized web interfaces.

Who is this book for?

This book targets intermediate-level front-end web-developers. The book is not intended to be an introduction to web development. As such, the book assumes that readers have a firm grasp on the basic concepts behind web-development, as well as essential HTML, JavaScript and CSS skills.

What you will learn

  • • Create a professional Bootstrap-based website from scratch without using third-party templates
  • • Apply the Bootstrap mobile-first grid system and add responsiveness and aesthetic touches to image elements
  • • Style various types of content and learn how to build a page's layout from scratch by applying the power of Bootstrap 4
  • • Take advantage of Bootstrap's form helper and contextual classes
  • • Infuse your web pages with life and movement using Bootstrap jQuery plugins
  • • Customize the behavior and features of Bootstrap's jQuery Plugins extensively
  • • Optimize your Bootstrap-based project before deployment
  • • Incorporate Bootstrap into an AngularJS or React application and use Bootstrap components as AngularJS directives or React components

Product Details

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Publication date : Sep 30, 2016
Length: 286 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783981137
Vendor :
Bootstrap
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
HTML
Concepts :
Responsive Web Development
Tools :
Bootstrap

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Product Details

Publication date : Sep 30, 2016
Length: 286 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781783981137
Vendor :
Bootstrap
Category :
Web Development
Languages :
HTML
Concepts :
Responsive Web Development
Tools :
Bootstrap

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Bootstrap 4 By Example
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
1. Revving Up Bootstrap Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
1. Revving Up Bootstrap
Introducing our demo project
What Bootstrap 4 Alpha 4 has to offer
Setting up our project
Summary
2. Making a Style Statement Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Making a Style Statement
The grid system
Image elements
Responsive utilities
Helper classes
Text alignment and transformation
Summary
3. Building the Layout Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Building the Layout
Splitting it up
Adding Bootstrap components
Summary
4. On Navigation, Footers, Alerts, and Content Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. On Navigation, Footers, Alerts, and Content
Fixating the navbar
Improving navigation using Scrollspy
Customizing scroll speed
Icons
Using and customizing alerts
Creating a footer
Creating and customizing forms
Form validation
Progress indicators
Adding content using media objects
Figures
Quotes
Abbreviations
Summary
5. Speeding Up Development Using jQuery Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Speeding Up Development Using jQuery Plugins
Browser detection
Enhanced pagination using bootpag
Displaying images using Bootstrap Lightbox
Improving our price list with DataTables
Summary
6. Customizing Your Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Customizing Your Plugins
Anatomy of a plugin
Customizing plugins
Writing a custom Bootstrap jQuery plugin
Summary
7. Integrating Bootstrap with Third-Party Plugins Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Integrating Bootstrap with Third-Party Plugins
Building a testimonial component with Salvattore
Hover
Summary
8. Optimizing Your Website Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Optimizing Your Website
CSS optimization
Minifying CSS and JavaScript
Introducing Grunt
Running tasks automatically
Stripping our website of unused CSS
JavaScript file concatenation
Summary
9. Integrating with AngularJS and React Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Integrating with AngularJS and React
Introducing AngularJS
Introducing React
Summary

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Customer reviews

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(3 Ratings)
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3 star 33.3%
2 star 0%
1 star 33.3%
Jesus S. Dec 11, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Me gusto mucho como esta distribuido, como maneja los conceptos pero sobre todo como te lleva de la mano para comenzar a programar en estos lenguajes.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Branden L Dec 23, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
This book gets into the nitty-gritty of Bootstrap 4, and for that it is very helpful. However, the examples in the book leave something to be desired. They provide you with example code, but only snippets; you have to figure out where the sample code should go in your file which is really annoying. Also, many of the examples simply do not work. Even if I copy/paste from the code provided (after modifying it to include the CSS and JS files that their examples left out), it still does not display properly. In the authors' defense, this could be because the book is using Bootstrap-4.0.0-alpha.4 whereas I am using the updated Bootstrap-4.0.0-alpha.5.I also do not like their use of bower. If you use it as they instruct, you'll end up with different versions of jQuery and related plugins than the authors. For example, simply running "bower install jquery" gave them jQuery 2.1.4, but gives me 3.1.1. That may or may not be a problem for these examples, but it is worth noting. Why not just point us to the jQuery download site and let us install it ourselves? Or just use the CDN as they mentioned, then glossed over, early on? That would also fix the problem with their example files not including the JS and CSS files.All that being said, the authors know their stuff. If you're already familiar with Bootstrap 3, this book will be helpful for you. If you're looking to learn how to use Bootstrap, I'd recommend a different book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Cecillac Dec 13, 2019
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I 2as hoping for the inside track not the documentation represented. Nothing on how to create your own themes. Gave it away.
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About the authors

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Profile icon Benjamin Jakobus
Benjamin Jakobus
Benjamin Jakobus graduated with a BSc in Computer Science from University College Cork and obtained an MSc in Advanced Computing from Imperial College London. As a software engineer, he has worked on various web-development projects across Europe and Brazil.
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Profile icon Jason Marah
Jason Marah
Jason Marah is a software engineer who is currently developing AerLingus.com in Dublin, Ireland, as a lead UI developer. Jason is a University College Cork alumnus, graduating with a BSc in Computer Science. Jason has worked as a full-stack engineer specializing in JavaScript around Europe on various projects.
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