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Hands-On RESTful Web Services with Go
Hands-On RESTful Web Services with Go

Hands-On RESTful Web Services with Go: Develop elegant RESTful APIs with Golang for microservices and the cloud , Second Edition

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Hands-On RESTful Web Services with Go

Handling Routing for our REST Services

In this chapter, we will discuss routing for a REST application. To create an API, the first step is to define routes. To define routes, we have to figure out the available system packages in Go. We'll begin this chapter by exploring the basic internal routing mechanism in Go. We then see how to create a custom multiplexer, an entity that matches a given URL to a registered pattern. A multiplexer basically allows a developer to create a route to listen to client requests and attaches handlers that hold the business logic of the application. The ServeMux package is the basic multiplexer provided by Go. We'll then explore a few other frameworks as ServeMux capabilities are very limited.

This chapter also includes the likes of third-party libraries such as httprouter and gorilla/mux. Then, we'll discuss topics such as SQL injection. The crux of this chapter is to teach you how to create elegant HTTP routers in Go using gorilla/mux. We'll also briefly discuss designing a URL shortening service.

We will cover the following topics:

  • Understanding Go's net/http package
  • ServeMux—a basic router in Go
  • Understanding httprouter—a lightweight HTTP router
  • Introducing gorilla/mux—a powerful HTTP router
  • Reader's challenge: an API for URL shortening

Technical requirements

Understanding Go's net/http package

Accepting HTTP requests is the primary goal of a web server. In Go, there is a system-level package that helps developers create HTTP servers and clients. The name of the package is net/http. We can understand the functionality of the net/http package by creating a small example. The example accepts an incoming request and returns the timestamp of the server. Let us see the steps for creating such a server:

  1. Create the program file as follows:
touch -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/git-user/chapter2/healthCheck/main.go

Now, we have a file where we can develop a server with a Health Check API that returns a date/time string.

  1. Import the net/http package and create a function handler called HealthCheck. The http.HandleFunc is a method that takes a route and a function handler as its arguments. This function handler has to return an http.ResponseWriter object:
package main

import (
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
)

// HealthCheck API returns date time to client
func HealthCheck(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
currentTime := time.Now()
io.WriteString(w, currentTime.String())
}

func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/health", HealthCheck)
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", nil))
}

The preceding code creates a HealthCheck function and attaches it to an HTTP route. HandleFunc is used to attach a route pattern to a handler function. ListenAndServe starts a new HTTP server. It returns an error if the server launch is unsuccessful. It takes address:port as the first argument and the second argument is nil, which says use the default multiplexer. We will see multiplexers in detail in the upcoming sections.

Use the log function to debug potential errors. The ListenAndServe function returns an error if there is one.
  1. Now, we can start the web server using this command:
go run $GOPATH/src/github.com/git-user/chapter2/healthCheck/main.go

Run the healthCheck.go file from a shell.

  1. Now, fire up a shell or browser to see the server in action. Here, we use the curl request:
curl -X GET http://localhost:8000/health

The response is as follows:

2019-04-10 17:54:05.450783 +0200 CEST m=+6.612810181

Go has a different concept for handling request and response. We used the io library to write to the response. For web development, we can use a template to automatically fill in the details. Go's internal URL handlers use a ServeMux multiplexer. In the next section, we will discuss more on ServeMux, a built-in URL router in Go.

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Key benefits

  • Employ a combination of custom and open source solutions for application program interface (API) development
  • Discover asynchronous API and API security patterns and learn how to deploy your web services to the cloud
  • Apply design patterns and techniques to build reactive and scalable web services

Description

Building RESTful web services can be tough as there are countless standards and ways to develop API. In modern architectures such as microservices, RESTful APIs are common in communication, making idiomatic and scalable API development crucial. This book covers basic through to advanced API development concepts and supporting tools. You’ll start with an introduction to REST API development before moving on to building the essential blocks for working with Go. You’ll explore routers, middleware, and available open source web development solutions in Go to create robust APIs, and understand the application and database layers to build RESTful web services. You’ll learn various data formats like protocol buffers and JSON, and understand how to serve them over HTTP and gRPC. After covering advanced topics such as asynchronous API design and GraphQL for building scalable web services, you’ll discover how microservices can benefit from REST. You’ll also explore packaging artifacts in the form of containers and understand how to set up an ideal deployment ecosystem for web services. Finally, you’ll cover the provisioning of infrastructure using infrastructure as code (IaC) and secure your REST API. By the end of the book, you’ll have intermediate knowledge of web service development and be able to apply the skills you’ve learned in a practical way.

Who is this book for?

This book is for all the Go developers who are comfortable with the language and seeking to learn REST API development. Even senior engineers can enjoy this book, as it discusses many cutting-edge concepts, such as building microservices, developing API with GraphQL, using protocol buffers, asynchronous API design, and Infrastructure as a Code. Developers who are already familiar with REST concepts and stepping into the Go world from other platforms, such as Python and Ruby, can also benefit a lot.

What you will learn

  • Explore the fundamentals of API development and web services
  • Understand the various building blocks of API development in Go
  • Use superior open source solutions for representational state transfer (REST) API development
  • Scale a service using microservices and asynchronous design patterns
  • Deliver containerized artifacts to the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud
  • Get to grips with API security and its implementation
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Feb 28, 2020
Length: 404 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838643577
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Google
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Product Details

Publication date : Feb 28, 2020
Length: 404 pages
Edition : 2nd
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781838643577
Vendor :
Google
Languages :
Concepts :

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Table of Contents

15 Chapters
Getting Started with REST API Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Routing for our REST Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Middleware and RPC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Simplifying RESTful Services with Popular Go Frameworks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with MongoDB and Go to Create a REST API Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Protocol Buffers and gRPC Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with PostgreSQL, JSON, and Go Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a REST API Client in Go Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Asynchronous API Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
GraphQL and Go Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Scaling our REST API Using Microservices Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Containerizing REST Services for Deployment Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Deploying REST Services on Amazon Web Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Authentication for our REST Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1.8
(4 Ratings)
5 star 0%
4 star 25%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 75%
E. Leonard Aug 13, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
One of the most enjoyable books I have read for a long time. I coded 43 projects while working through this book, which indicates that they are quite short, concise and aimed at driving home one or two concepts at a time. I found the writing comfortable and it covers most if not all of the architecture patterns you’re likely to encounter in a working capacity. The book is from a couple of years ago so some packages in the book have been updated and the code needs some easily googleable tweaks to work with the current package versions as of Q3 2021. This is a book that will give you a good repository of starter projects and boilerplates for your own projects. If you know the Go language and fancy learning some web services development beyond the standard library net/http packages or Gorilla then this will give you a great intro to common API and microservices approaches. An easy 4.5 / 5
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Raj Feb 09, 2021
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
Very disappointing experience of buying this book. Wish I can get my money back. Feels like author googled few libraries and put together some very basic code. A better explanation and code can be found easily on google. Really very disappointing for me.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
sanoof Oct 09, 2020
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
only basics and outdated
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Roberto J. Yudice Dec 22, 2020
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
It seems like this author was trying in every possible way to extend the length of the book. To be fair that seems to be the case with most programming books today. The book is supposed to be about designing services yet you will often spend time setting up database data. It would had been better to just start with a base code that already has the database setup and focus on writing the restful services which is suppose to be the book's focus. It seems the author ran out of words and was trying to find a way to make the book longer.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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