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Getting Started with FortiGate
Getting Started with FortiGate

Getting Started with FortiGate: This book will take you from complete novice to expert user in simple, progressive steps. It covers all the concepts you need to administer a FortiGate unit with lots of examples and clear explanations.

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Getting Started with FortiGate

Chapter 2. Filters, Policies, and Endpoint Security

After considering the FortiGate routing features, it is necessary to discuss its firewall functionalities. All the traffic that is received on a unit is analyzed using the Security Policies. As soon as a data packet is received, the firewall analyzes its source address, its destination address, and the kind of service it is related to. Based on this information, FortiGate tries to locate a matching security policy. If a match is found, the instructions contained in the policy are applied (while a data packet with no matching policy is dropped by default). The basic option available in the security policy is to accept or deny data packets. However, additional operations are available such as logging or UTM inspection.

Processing a data packet inside a FortiGate


The checks performed by a Fortigate unit can be summarized in four different levels of control. If any step inside the different layers containing a blocking rule is met, the data package would be discarded. These levels are as follows:

  • Ingress: Ingress filtering controls the incoming traffic to protect the network from security risks. Controls related to DOS (Denial of service), IPSEC (IP Security) destination, and routing are performed at the Ingress level.

  • Stateful Inspection engine: Stateful inspection enables the FortiGate firewall to maintain context with active sessions. If a packet is a part of an existing session, the packet will traverse the device with no additional control. If a packet does not match an existing connection, it will be evaluated according to the firewall rules. The Stateful Inspection engine includes user authentication, traffic shaping, session tracking, and policy lookup.

  • UTM scanning: FortiGate units are pre-configured...

Firewall features


The primary use of a FortiGate unit is to protect our networks from attacks with its firewall features. The security policies will define the allowed network traffic. Now, let's us take a look at a set of base objects that we will use to create and manage the policies.

Interfaces and zones

We have talked about interfaces in Chapter 1, First Steps. The firewall is able to operate both on physical and on virtual interfaces, including wireless interfaces, VLANS, and Virtual Domain (VDOM) links.

Note

VDOMs are a logical division of a single FortiGate unit into two or more virtual units that are independent from each other. We will talk about them in Chapter 4, High Availability.

There is a firewall interface that will receive the network traffic and an interface from which the aforementioned traffic will flow out of the device. We are able to establish a "direction" in which data is moving. This is the basic type of firewall control, and we can combine multiple interfaces (including...

UTM profiles


Unified Threat Management (UTM) creates additional control layers that examine the contents of the network traffic already permitted by the rules related to addresses, services, and schedules as mentioned previously. The UTM options can be grouped into a profile that we are able to apply to one or more firewall policies. In the following screenshot, we have the UTM menu of a FortiGate unit with the different UTM features shown.

Antivirus

The Antivirus filter examines network traffic for viruses, worms, Trojans, and malware. The antivirus scan engine has a database of virus signatures that it uses to identify security risks. Depending on the FortiGate unit we are able to select between a regular virus database, an extended version containing "viruses that are no longer seen in recent virus studies," and an extreme version that is able to filter viruses that have been dormant for a long period and that rely on older hardware and software. There is also an option to check for Grayware...

Traffic shaping


Inside a security policy we are able to assign a Traffic Shaping configuration. The parameters include minimum as well as maximum levels of bandwidth to be able to guarantee QOS (Quality of Service). Traffic shaping is configured by navigating to the Firewall Objects | Traffic Shaper pane (shown in the following screenshot):

Note

There are three shaping options available, which are as follows:

  • Shared policy shaping: Bandwidth management by security policies

  • Per-IP shaping: Bandwidth management by user IP addresses

  • Application control shaping: Bandwidth management by application

More information is available in the document Traffic Shaping for FortiOS 5.0, available at http://bit.ly/1dlFHmA.

Security policies


Security policies will define which session matches with one or more rules in a set and the actions the FortiGate unit will perform. The list of elements that a FortiGate will check includes:

  • Source Interface/Zone

  • Source Address

  • Destination Interface/Zone

  • Destination Address

  • Schedule and time of the session's initiation

  • Service and the packet's port numbers

  • UTM profiles

Based on the policies, a packet can be accepted or denied. Security policies are managed by navigating to the Policy | Policy | Policy menu. In the following screenshot we can see the screen used to edit a security policy:

After we have defined a firewall policy, it will look like the following screenshot. Inside a single policy firewall, the controls will be applied in the order we have selected. The firewall policies are evaluated in order from top to bottom. The first rule to match a packet will perform the action specified by the matched rule.

Note

More information about security policies and the features of...

FortiClient


FortiClient is an endpoint management software available in the following two versions:

  • Standalone client: This is a free client that offers protection from viruses, malware and adware, and comes with parental control and VPN connection support

  • Managed client: It is a client which requires a license and it adds to the previously mentioned features, a series of tools for central management, an application firewall, and a vulnerability scan feature

Up to ten managed clients are available for free, then the number of clients that we are able to license depends on the type of FortiGate unit we are using. The client software is available for Microsoft Windows (Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP) and for Mac OS X (10.8, 10.7, and 10.6). On the FortiClient page (http://www.forticlient.com/) we also have apps for iOS (for iOS 5.1 or higher) and Android (Android 4.0 or higher). FortiClient can also be downloaded from the Fortinet Customer Service & Support page ...

Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)


The policies and configurations we have explained for the FortiClient software can be seen as a part of a larger management scope, dedicated to controls on personal mobile devices connected to our network. The full list of controls includes:

  • Identifying and monitoring the devices

  • Using the MAC address to control access

  • Creating policies based on device type

  • Enforcing endpoint control using the FortiClient software

We have already seen the option (inside the interface configuration) to enable device monitoring. The resulting data is included in the Device definition menu under the Device tab in the User & Device option. In the following screenshot, we have an Android tablet and a Windows laptop connected to our FortiGate unit:

MAC filtering is useful to limit access to our Wi-Fi network. If we enable a DHCP server on our interface, the default value is to assign an IP address to any MAC. We are able to apply a stricter control changing the option for Unknown MAC...

Summary


During this chapter we have introduced the firewall features of FortiGate and the tools dedicated to device management. UTM and the related security and profiles have been presented, and we have seen also a short explanation of the FortiClient software, that adds many administrative mechanisms for endpoint control. In the next chapter we will talk about expanding our network in a secure manner using VPNs and tunnelling.

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Key benefits

  • Learn about FortiGate and FortiOS 5 starting from the ground up, with no previous knowledge of Fortinet products
  • Understand and deliver Routing, VLANs, NAT, and high availability solutions using FortiGate units
  • Design and deploy security policies, content filters, and endpoint security using UTM features inside a FortiGate unit

Description

FortiGate from Fortinet is a highly successful family of appliances enabled to manage routing and security on different layers, supporting dynamic protocols, IPSEC and VPN with SSL, application and user control, web contents and mail scanning, endpoint checks, and more, all in a single platform. The heart of the appliance is the FortiOS (FortiOS 5 is the latest release) which is able to unify a friendly web interface with a powerful command line to deliver high performance. FortiGate is able to give users the results they usually achieve at a fraction of the cost of what they would have to invest with other vendors.This practical, hands-on guide addresses all the tasks required to configure and manage a FortiGate unit in a logical order. The book starts with topics related to VLAN and routing (static and advanced) and then discusses in full the UTM features integrated in the appliance. The text explains SSL VPN and IPSEC VPN with all the required steps you need to deploy the aforementioned solutions. High availability and troubleshooting techniques are also explained in the last two chapters of the book.This concise, example-oriented book explores all the concepts you need to administer a FortiGate unit. You will begin by covering the basic tools required to administer a FortiGate unit, including NAT, routing, and VLANs. You will then be guided through the concepts of firewalling, UTM inside the appliance, tunnelling using SSL, and IPSEC and dial-up configurations. Next, you will get acquainted with important topics like high availability and Vdoms. Finally, you will end the book with an overview of troubleshooting tools and techniques.

Who is this book for?

This book is intended for network administrators, security managers, and IT pros. It is a great starting point if you have to administer or configure a FortiGate unit, especially if you have no previous experience. For people that have never managed a FortiGate unit, the book helpfully walks through the basic concepts and common mistakes. If your work requires assessing the security of a corporate network or you need to interact with people managing security on a Fortinet product, then this book will be of great benefit. No prior knowledge of Fortigate is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Configure static and dynamic routing in a FortiGate unit
  • Filter spam, viruses, and illegitimate Internet activities using the UTM features of FortiGate
  • Enforce compliance and block threats using IPS and endpoint controls
  • Design tunnels with SSL and IPSEC to extend your network in a secure manner
  • Use high availability solutions including link aggregation, clustering, and virtual domains
  • Identify the main features and uses of the Forticlient software
  • Troubleshoot issues related to the aforementioned features
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Table of Contents

5 Chapters
First Steps Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Filters, Policies, and Endpoint Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
VPNs and Tunneling Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
High Availability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Troubleshooting Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.3
(12 Ratings)
5 star 25%
4 star 16.7%
3 star 25%
2 star 33.3%
1 star 0%
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Amazon Customer Mar 24, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book
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Raphaela Mar 14, 2015
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For someone who had never used a Fortigate this book is quite good. It gives the basics of the firewall configuration and is a good option for a beginner as I was at the time.
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Avetik Yessayan Mar 14, 2015
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A++
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Kevin Anderson Feb 03, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Great guide to help you get started with configuring your Fortigate firewall. Was easy to understand and follow along with. Learned a few new troubleshooting commands that I wasn't previously aware of.
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Jose Flores Jan 09, 2014
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Really good for a good introduction on Fortinet operating system. Additionally explain some complex networking concepts in an easy way.
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