Summary

In this chapter, you have learned about QAOA, one of the most popular quantum algorithms used to solve optimization problems with gate-based quantum computers. You now know that QAOA is derived as a discretization of quantum annealing and that it is implemented as a hybrid method that uses both a classical and a quantum computer to achieve its goal.

You also understand how to construct circuits for all the operations needed in the quantum part of the algorithm. In particular, you know how to use these circuits to estimate expectation values in an efficient way.

You have also mastered the tools that Qiskit provides in order to implement QAOA instances and to run them on both quantum simulators and quantum computers. You even know how to accelerate the process of running your code on quantum devices by using Qiskit Runtime. And, should you need to use QAOA with PennyLane, you also know how to do it with the help of some predefined utilities and PennyLane capabilities for automatic...