What is logging and why do we need it?

"Generally, a program should say nothing unless and until it has something to say."                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  - Kernighan and Plauger

Before we talk about the importance of logging, let's define the term so that we have a better context for it. Logging is the practice of making an application record its activity at runtime to any output, where the individual record is called an event log or simply a log. This is often associated with a timestamp describing when the event occurred. The event could be anything that changes the state of the program internally or externally. Logs help you in gaining insights on an application's runtime behavior over the course of time, or in getting more context on the application state when debugging...