Search icon CANCEL
Subscription
0
Cart icon
Your Cart (0 item)
Close icon
You have no products in your basket yet
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
Opa Application Development
Opa Application Development

Opa Application Development: A rapid and secure web development framework to develop web applications quickly and easily in Opa

eBook
€8.99 €19.99
Paperback
€24.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at €18.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

Opa Application Development

Chapter 1. Getting Started with Opa

This chapter shows how to install Opa and set its environment. A simple Opa program will also be shown to give a first glimpse of Opa programming.

Installing Opa


This section is about installation and configuration of Opa. You can get a more detailed installation guide that includes how to build Opa from source on Opa's webpage (https://github.com/MLstate/opalang/wiki/Getting-started). This section will give us brief instructions on how to install Opa compiler, Node.js, and some required modules for Node.js.

Installing Node.js

Node.js (http://nodejs.org) is a platform for building fast and scalable network applications. It is the backend of Opa (since Opa 1.0.0). We need to install Node.js first before installing Opa. The following are the steps to install Node.js on various operating systems:

  • Mac OS: Following are the steps to install Node.js:

    1. Download the latest .pkg package from http://nodejs.org/dist/latest/.

    2. Double-click on the package to install Node.js.

  • Ubuntu and Debian Linux: To install Node.js on Ubuntu and Debian Linux, type the following commands:

    $sudo apt-get install python-software-properties
    $sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chris-lea/node.js
    $sudo apt-get update
    $sudo apt-get install nodejs npm
    

    Tip

    Downloading the example code files

    You can download the example code files for all Packt books you have purchased from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.

  • Windows: The following are the steps to install Node.js:

    1. Download the latest .msi package from http://nodejs.org/dist/latest/.

    2. Double-click on the package to install Node.js on Windows.

Type the following commands to confirm your installation. If everything goes right, you will see the version information of Node.js and npm.

$ node -v
$ npm –v

Installing the required modules

There are several modules that are required by Opa to run an application. Type the following command to install these modules:

$ npm install -g mongodb formidable nodemailer simplesmtp imap

Installing the Opa compiler

The easiest solution for installing Opa is to download an installer from the Opa website (http://opalang.org/). You can also get the installer from Opa's GitHub repository (https://github.com/MLstate/opalang/downloads). At the time this book is being written, the latest version of Opa is 1.1.0.

Following are the steps to install Opa on various operating systems:

  • Mac OS X: Download the latest .dmg package and double-click on it to install. You will need the password of an administrative account.

  • Ubuntu and Debian Linux: Download the latest .deb package and double-click on it to install. You can also install it with the following command line:

    $sudo dpkg –i opa-1.1.0.x86.deb
    
  • Windows: Download the latest .exe file and double-click on it to install. Note that only 64-bit packages are available for Windows at this time.

  • Other Linux: To install Opa follow these steps:

    1. Download the latest .run package for Linux.

    2. Go to the download folder and add an execution privilege to the downloaded file by running the following command:

      $ chmod a+x opa-1.1.0.x64.run
      
    3. Run the installing script:

      $ sudo ./opa-1.1.0.x64.run
      

Testing the installation

To test if Opa is installed properly on your computer, run the following command:

$ opa --version

Opa is installed properly if the version information of the Opa compiler is printed.

Setting up editors


You can write Opa codes with any text editor you like, but a good editor can make coding easier. This section is about setting up editors you may commonly use. For now, Sublime Text is the most complete Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for Opa.

Sublime Text

Sublime Text (http://www.sublimetext.com/) is a sophisticated text editor for code, markup, and prose. You can download and try Sublime Text for free from http://www.sublimetext.com/2.

There is an Opa plugin that offers syntax highlighting, code completion, and some other features. To install the plugin, follow these steps:

  1. Get the plugin from https://github.com/downloads/MLstate/OpaSublimeText/Opa.sublime-package.

  2. Move it to ~/.config/sublime-text2/Installed Packages/ (in Linux), or %%APPDATA%%\Sublime Text 2\Installed Packages\ (in Windows), or ~/Library/Application Support/Sublime Text 2/Installed Packages (in Mac).

  3. Start Sublime and check if the menu entry (View | Syntax | Opa) is present. If everything goes well, the file with the .opa extension should automatically have its syntax highlighted. If not, please make sure you are using the Opa plugin (View | Syntax | Opa). We can navigate to Edit | Line | Reindent to auto-indent the Opa code.

Vim

Vim (http://www.vim.org/) is a highly configurable text editor, freely available for many different platforms. The Opa installation package provides a mode for Vim at /usr/share/opa/vim/ (for Linux) or /opt/mlstate/share/opa/vim/ (for Mac OS). To enable Vim to detect Opa syntax, copy these files to your .vim directory in your home folder (create it if it does not exist already):

  • On Linux, type the following command:

    $cp –p /usr/share/opa/vim/* ~/.vim/
    
  • On Mac OS, type the following command:

    $cp –p /opt/mlstate/share/opa/vim/* ~/.vim
    

Emacs

On Mac OS X, you can either use Aquamacs and the package installation will take care of it, or you should add the following line to your configuration file (which might be ~/.emacs; create it if it does not exist already):

(autoload 'opa-classic-mode "/Library/Application Support/Emacs/site-lisp/opa-mode/opa-mode.el" "Opa CLASSIC editing mode." t)
(autoload 'opa-js-mode "/Library/Application Support/Emacs/site-lisp/opa-mode/opa-js-mode.el" "Opa JS editing mode." t)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.opa$" . opa-js-mode))
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.js\.opa$" . opa-js-mode))
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.classic\.opa$" . opa-classic-mode))

On Linux, add the following lines to your configuration file:

(autoload 'opa-js-mode "/usr/share/opa/emacs/opa-js-mode.el" "Opa JS editing mode." t)
(autoload 'opa-classic-mode "/usr/share/opa/emacs/opa-mode.el" "Opa CLASSIC editing mode." t)
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.opa$" . opa-js-mode))
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.js\.opa$" . opa-js-mode))
(add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\.classic\.opa$" . opa-classic-mode))

For Eclipse, the experimental plugin is available at https://github.com/MLstate/opa-eclipse-plugin.

Your first Opa application


As a first example, here is the most simple program in Opa:

jlog("hello Opa!")

Compile and run it:

$ opa hello.opa -o hello.js
$ ./hello.js

Note

We can type opa hello.opa -- to compile and run the code in a single line.

The code does nothing but prints hello Opa on your screen. If you can see this message, it means Opa is working properly on your machine.

Summary


In this chapter, we learned how to install Opa, set up a proper editor, and write our first Opa program. In the next chapter, we will have a brief look at the basic grammar of the Opa language.

Left arrow icon Right arrow icon

Key benefits

  • Discover the Opa framework in a progressive and structured way
  • Build secure, powerful web applications with Opa.
  • Create three complete web application demos with Opa.

Description

Opa is a full-stack Open Source web development framework for JavaScript that lets you write secure and scalable web applications. It generates standard Node.js/MongoDB applications, natively supports HTML5 and CSS and automates many aspects of modern web application programming. It handles all aspects of web programming written in one consistent language and compiled to web standards.Opa Application Development is a practical,hands-on guide that provides you with a number of step-by-step exercises. It covers almost all aspects of developing a web application with Opa, which will help you take advantage of the real power of Opa, as well as building a secure, powerful web application rapidly.Opa Application Development dives into all concepts and components required to build a web application with Opa. The first half of this book shows you all of the basic building blocks that you will need to develop an Opa application, including the syntax of Opa, web development aspects, client and server communication and slicing, plugin, database, and so on. By the end of the book you will have yourself created a complete web application along with a game: Pacman!

Who is this book for?

If you are a web developer who wants to get started with the Opa framework and build web applications with it? Then this book is for you. Web development experience is assumed and would be helpful.

What you will learn

  • Set up Opa development environment
  • Develop a web application, manipulate DOM and CSS.
  • Use bootstrap in Opa, including classes, icons and widgets.
  • Slice client and server code.
  • Bind JavaScript and Nodejs to Opa and build a plugin.
  • Store, update and query data in database with MongoDB as the backend.
  • Build a chat application, LiveRoom application in Opa.
  • Handle image and audio with canvas to build a Pacman game
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Luxembourg

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€17.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jun 12, 2013
Length: 116 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781782163749
Languages :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
OR
Modal Close icon
Payment Processing...
tick Completed

Shipping Address

Billing Address

Shipping Methods
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to Luxembourg

Premium delivery 7 - 10 business days

€17.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Jun 12, 2013
Length: 116 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781782163749
Languages :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
€18.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
€189.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
€264.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just €5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total 44.98
Opa Application Development
€24.99
Instant MongoDB
€19.99
Total 44.98 Stars icon
Banner background image

Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Getting Started with Opa Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Basic Syntax Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Developing Web Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Bootstrap Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Communicating between Client and Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Binding with Other Languages Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Databases Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Internationalization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a Chat Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building a Game – Pacman Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Developing a Social Mobile Application – LiveRoom Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.4
(5 Ratings)
5 star 40%
4 star 60%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Doug Duncan Jul 07, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
'Opa Application Development' by Li Wenbo is a well written introductory book that can take a person with no experience of the Opa Language to feeling comfortable with the language and allowing them to start programming right away.The book is short (only about 100 pages to read through), but it is packed with examples of the topics discussed. While it doesn't cover everything about the language, it does give you enough of the basics for building your application and gives pointers where to further research on your own when you need more advanced topics.I would highly recommend this book to anyone looking to learn about the Opa language.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
SuJo Jul 15, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Opa Application Development[...]This guide/book has really explored the Opa Framework. While there are plenty to choose from after reading this I would give it a shot, I really appreciate the how to features the Author uses.You should be intermediate in your web development skills to get the most out of this book. I would recommend this to anyone looking to use this framework, it's not a cut n paste from the manual!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Jul 22, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This is the second book I've read on Opa (the other being O'Reilly's Opa: Up and Running). I think the contents of the book have been great but the book's example code could have been better. The code itself is fine but it's organized a little strange (naming convention for example). You can download the code before hand to check it out.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
David Moser Jul 05, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This is a clear, straight-forward introduction to the Opa web-programming language. It is full of original and useful content. (Disclaimer: I was given a free copy for this review.) I am an enthusiastic admirer of the Opa language project, and found this book to be a great addition to my library. To help future buyers with their own purchasing decision, the rest of this review has been split into two parts; the bad, and the good. The bad: Not much was bad about this book, but I didn't give it all five stars, because it really is not quite as much of a book for those new to the language as it could be. I used it to help some students of mine learn about coding in Opa, and found that, really, they needed a little more background than the HTML/CSS/.js suggested as prerequisites. However, anyone with experience with Ruby on Rails, one of the Python web frameworks (Django, I'm lookin' at you ...), or any of the Javascript frameworks could easily jump right into the book and, by the end, have enough of a background to code up a pretty good, lean web app. Which brings me to. ... The good: This was a really fun way to learn Opa! (Another disclaimer: I also have read and will be reviewing another book on Opa.) I had no trouble at all using the examples in this book as a way to help me and others (my students) learn how to work the Opa web-programming language. This book is a series of guidelines, with all code explicitly spelled out. That's perfect for me, as I find the "textbook" approach, of giving problem-sets and quizzes irritating and pedantic. "Opa Application Development" is pleasantly informative and easy to understand. I am quite confident in my abilities to use Opa for production websites/web apps in the future, thanks to this book. To recap: Yes, buy this book, especially if you like (as I do) to have lots of examples presented as a guideline.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Pirx Danford Jul 26, 2013
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I read this book as introduction to Opa, because the language catched my eye and I was interested to learn more about it.While writing this review I have 15 years of working as developer under my belt, since the new millenium mostly with PHP.The versatility of PHP is a double-edged sword, its tempting to just stick to it, because for nearly every problem there is a solution available, but there are issues I am not happy with, so I am looking around for possible alternatives."Opa Application Development" helped me a lot in getting my head into the depths of Opa, but it is not an unconditional recommendation.Firstly you really have to have some experience in programming, because the book does expect at least basic knowledge and then some.Secondly you must expect some trouble getting Opa up and running, that the book uses more than 10% of its pages on explaining how to set everything up is indeed necessary and already the required steps are changing. For example when I installed Node.js it was in version 0.10.12 and from 0.10 and above it already includes npm, so trying to install npm separately gave me the funniest kind of errors.Thirdly there is a number of typos, also in the source code examples, but that is not so bad if you download the source examples and use the provided files.Putting this all aside, if you persevere and work completely through the book, you will have the tools and knowledge to successfully start your own project in Opa.At this moment in time there are not too many books about Opa and while this book is by no means easy to digest, its is not a bad pick to get started in Opa if you have a professional background.For me it really whet my appetite for more and I will try out if I can use Opa in one of my private projects.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela