So far, we have seen, for the most part, the simplest format specifier,%<x>, or occasionally even %<n><x>, where<x>is an output conversion type and<n>is the field width into which the value is printed. Depending on the value, the formatted output may have added padding or be truncated to fit or even overflow beyond the requested field width. We can expand these simple concepts to the more general form of a format specifier.
The general form of a format specifier begins with the percentage character (%) and has the following elements, in order:
- Zero or more flag characters:
- Left-aligned: This is the - character. If missing, the value will be right-aligned.
- The + sign to show a positive or negative value, or a space to only show a - sign.
- Zero-padding: 0.
- A variant of formatting: This is the # character; the variant depends on the conversion type.
- An...
