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Generative AI Foundations in Python
Generative AI Foundations in Python

Generative AI Foundations in Python: Discover key techniques and navigate modern challenges in LLMs

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Generative AI Foundations in Python

Understanding Generative AI: An Introduction

In his influential book The Singularity Is Near (2005), renowned inventor and futurist Ray Kurzweil asserted that we were on the precipice of an exponential acceleration in technological advancements. He envisioned a future where technological innovation would continue to accelerate, eventually leading to a singularity—a point where artificial intelligence (AI) could transcend human intelligence, blurring the lines between humans and machines. Fast-forward to today and we find ourselves advancing along the trajectory Kurzweil outlined, with generative AI marking a significant stride along this path. Today, we are experiencing state-of-the-art generative models can behave as collaborators capable of synthetic understanding and generating sophisticated responses that mirror human intelligence.. The rapid and exponential growth of generative approaches is propelling Kurzweil’s vision forward, fundamentally reshaping how we interact...

Generative AI

In recent decades, AI has made incredible strides. The origins of the field stem from classical statistical models meticulously designed to help us analyze and make sense of data. As we developed more robust computational methods to process and store data, the field shifted—intersecting computer science and statistics and giving us ML. ML systems could learn complex relationships and surface latent insights from vast amounts of data, transforming our approach to statistical modeling.

This shift laid the groundwork for the rise of deep learning, a substantial step forward that introduced multi-layered neural networks (i.e., a system of interconnected functions) to model complex patterns. Deep learning enabled powerful discriminative models that became pivotal for advancements in diverse fields of research, including image recognition, voice recognition, and natural language processing.

However, the journey continues with the emergence of generative AI. Generative...

Distinguishing generative AI from other AI models

Again, the critical distinction between discriminative and generative models lies in their objectives. Discriminative models aim to predict target outputs given input data. Classification algorithms, such as logistic regression or support vector machines, find decision boundaries in data to categorize inputs as belonging to one or more class. Neural networks learn input-output mappings by optimizing weights through backpropagation (or tracing back to resolve errors) to make accurate predictions. Advanced gradient boosting models, such as XGBoost or LightGBM, further enhance these discriminative models by employing decision trees and incorporating the principles of gradient boosting (or the strategic ensembling of models) to make highly accurate predictions.

Generative methods learn complex relationships through expansive training in order to generate new data sequences enabling many downstream applications. Effectively, these models...

Looking back at the evolution of generative AI

The field of generative AI has experienced an unprecedented acceleration, leading to a surge in the development and adoption of foundation models such as GPT. However, this momentum has been building for several decades, driven by continuous and significant advancements in ML and natural language generation research. These developments have brought us to the current generation of state-of-the-art models.

To fully appreciate the current state of generative AI, it is important to understand its evolution, beginning with traditional language processing techniques and moving through to more recent advancements.

Overview of traditional methods in NLP

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has enabled machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language. It emerged from traditional statistical techniques such as n-grams and hidden Markov models (HMMs), which converted linguistic structures into mathematical models that...

Looking ahead at risks and implications

Both generative and discriminative AI introduce unique risks and benefits that must be weighed carefully. However, generative methods can not only carry forward but also exacerbate many risks associated with traditional ML while also introducing new risks. Consequently, before we can adopt generative AI in the real world and at scale, it is essential to understand the risks and establish responsible governance principles to help mitigate them:

  • Hallucination: This is a term widely used to describe when models generate factually inaccurate information. Generative models are adept at producing plausible-sounding output without basis in fact. As such, it is critical to ground generative models with factual information. The term “grounding” refers to appending model inputs with additional information that is known to be factual. We explore grounding techniques in Chapter 7. Additionally, it is essential to have a strategy for...

Introducing use cases of generative AI

Generative AI has already begun to disrupt various sectors. The technology is making waves across many disciplines, from enhancing language-based tasks to reshaping digital art. The following section offers examples of real-world applications of generative AI across different sectors:

  • Traditional natural language processing: LLMs, such as Open AI’s GPT series, have elevated traditional NLP and NLG. As discussed, these models have a unique ability to generate coherent, relevant, and human-like text. The potential of these models was demonstrated when GPT-3 outperformed classical and modern approaches in several language tasks, displaying an unprecedented understanding of human language. The release of GPT-4 and Claude 3 marked another milestone, raising the standard even further for state-of-the-art models.
  • Digital art creation: The advent of “generative art” is evidence of the radical impact of generative AI in...

The future of generative AI applications

The relentless advancement of generative AI presents a future filled with both possibilities and complex challenges. Imagine a future where a generative model trained on the world’s leading climate change research can offer practical yet groundbreaking counteractive strategies with precise details about their application.

However, as we embrace an increasingly AI-centered future, we should not overlook the existing challenges. These involve the potential misuse of AI tools, unpredictable implications, and the profound ethical considerations underlying AI adoption. Additionally, sustainable and eco-conscious development is key, as training large-scale models can be resource-intensive

In an age of accelerated progress, collaboration across all stakeholders—from data scientists, AI enthusiasts, and policymakers to industry leaders—is essential. By being equipped with comprehensive oversight, robust guidelines, and strategic...

Summary

In this chapter, we traced the evolution of generative AI, distinguished it from traditional ML, explored its evolution, discussed its risks and implications, and, hopefully, dispelled some common misconceptions. We contemplated some of the possibilities anchored by consideration for its responsible adoption.

As we move on to the next chapter, we will examine the fundamental architectures behind generative AI, giving us a foundational understanding of the key generative methods, including GANs, diffusion models, and transformers. These ML methods form the backbone of generative AI and have been instrumental in bringing about the remarkable advancements we see today.

References

This reference section serves as a repository of sources referenced within this book; you can explore these resources to further enhance your understanding and knowledge of the subject matter:

  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09526-7https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/14/elon-musk-backed-ai-writes-convincing-news-fiction
  • Brundage, M., Avin, S., Clark, J., Toner, H., Eckersley, P., Garfinkel, B., Dafoe, A., Scharre, P., Zeitzoff, T., Filar, B., Anderson, H., Roff, H., Allen, G. C., Steinhardt, J., Flynn, C., Ó hÉigeartaigh, S., Beard, S., Belfield, H., Farquhar, S., & Amodei, D. (2018). The malicious use of artificial intelligence: Forecasting, prevention, and mitigation. arXiv [cs.AI]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.07228.
  • Carlini, N., Tramer, F., Wallace, E., Jagielski, M., Herbert-Voss, A., Lee, K., Roberts, A., Brown, T., Song, D., Erlingsson, U., Oprea, A., & Raffel, C. (2020). Extracting training data from large language models...
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Key benefits

  • Gain expertise in prompt engineering, LLM fine-tuning, and domain adaptation
  • Use transformers-based LLMs and diffusion models to implement AI applications
  • Discover strategies to optimize model performance, address ethical considerations, and build trust in AI systems
  • Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook

Description

The intricacies and breadth of generative AI (GenAI) and large language models can sometimes eclipse their practical application. It is pivotal to understand the foundational concepts needed to implement generative AI. This guide explains the core concepts behind -of-the-art generative models by combining theory and hands-on application. Generative AI Foundations in Python begins by laying a foundational understanding, presenting the fundamentals of generative LLMs and their historical evolution, while also setting the stage for deeper exploration. You’ll also understand how to apply generative LLMs in real-world applications. The book cuts through the complexity and offers actionable guidance on deploying and fine-tuning pre-trained language models with Python. Later, you’ll delve into topics such as task-specific fine-tuning, domain adaptation, prompt engineering, quantitative evaluation, and responsible AI, focusing on how to effectively and responsibly use generative LLMs. By the end of this book, you’ll be well-versed in applying generative AI capabilities to real-world problems, confidently navigating its enormous potential ethically and responsibly.

Who is this book for?

This book is for developers, data scientists, and machine learning engineers embarking on projects driven by generative AI. A general understanding of machine learning and deep learning, as well as some proficiency with Python, is expected.

What you will learn

  • Discover the fundamentals of GenAI and its foundations in NLP
  • Dissect foundational generative architectures including GANs, transformers, and diffusion models
  • Find out how to fine-tune LLMs for specific NLP tasks
  • Understand transfer learning and fine-tuning to facilitate domain adaptation, including fields such as finance
  • Explore prompt engineering, including in-context learning, templatization, and rationalization through chain-of-thought and RAG
  • Implement responsible practices with generative LLMs to minimize bias, toxicity, and other harmful outputs
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Table of Contents

12 Chapters
Part 1: Foundations of Generative AI and the Evolution of Large Language Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Understanding Generative AI: An Introduction Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Surveying GenAI Types and Modes: An Overview of GANs, Diffusers, and Transformers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Tracing the Foundations of Natural Language Processing and the Impact of the Transformer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Applying Pretrained Generative Models: From Prototype to Production Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 2: Practical Applications of Generative AI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Fine-Tuning Generative Models for Specific Tasks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Understanding Domain Adaptation for Large Language Models Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Mastering the Fundamentals of Prompt Engineering Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Addressing Ethical Considerations and Charting a Path Toward Trustworthy Generative AI Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.8
(5 Ratings)
5 star 80%
4 star 20%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Steven Fernandes Aug 06, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book offers a deep dive into the foundations of Generative AI, particularly its roots in natural language processing. The book provides a thorough analysis of key generative architectures like GANs, transformers, and diffusion models. It guides readers on how to fine-tune large language models for specialized natural language processing tasks and adapt them for domains such as finance through transfer learning. With a focus on prompt engineering, it explores advanced techniques like in-context learning and chain-of-thought reasoning. The text emphasizes the importance of responsible AI practices to curb bias and toxicity in model outputs, making it a valuable resource for developers and researchers in AI.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Om S Aug 07, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
As someone keen on exploring generative AI, I picked up Carlos Rodriguez's "Generative AI Foundations in Python." The book starts by laying the foundational concepts of generative AI and large language models (LLMs), providing a solid base for beginners.I found the explanations of GANs, transformers, and diffusion models particularly insightful. The author delves into fine-tuning LLMs for specific tasks, transfer learning, and domain adaptation, making these advanced topics approachable. Practical tutorials guide you through real-world applications, helping you understand how to deploy and fine-tune pre-trained models using Python.The emphasis on responsible AI practices is commendable, addressing how to minimize bias and harmful outputs. The book also covers prompt engineering techniques, like in-context learning and templatization, which are crucial for optimizing AI performance.Pros:Comprehensive introduction to generative AI and LLMs.Practical, hands-on tutorials.Emphasis on responsible AI practices.Cons:Assumes some knowledge of machine learning and Python.Dense content may require multiple readings.Focuses mainly on transformers and diffusion models.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sarbjit Singh Hanjra Sep 26, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
"Generative AI Foundations in Python" by Carlos Rodriguez is an excellent, concise introduction to the exciting world of generative AI. This small book makes it easy to quickly grasp the most important concepts of generative AI without feeling overwhelmed. It guides readers through both the basics and advanced topics in a clear and simple way.Rodriguez explains what generative AI is and how it differs from other AI models, giving an insightful look at its evolution and future, along with practical real-life applications.One of the best features is its hands-on approach. The chapters on GANs, transformers, and diffusers show how these AI models can be used for tasks like image generation and natural language processing. The book includes practical projects to practice fine-tuning models and prompt engineering, making it great for gaining real-world experience.It also covers essential ethical considerations like minimizing bias and ensuring responsible AI. Overall, this book is perfect for anyone—whether a beginner or experienced—who wants to quickly and effectively learn the key concepts of generative AI.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Paul Pollock Oct 14, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
"Generative AI Foundations in Python" by Carlos Rodriguez is an essential read for anyone interested in understanding the basics and the intricacies of Generative AI. Carlos does an excellent job making complex concepts—like GANs, transformers, and diffusion models—accessible to readers without sacrificing depth. I particularly enjoyed the practical examples and hands-on coding exercises that make the learning process engaging and relevant.The book also dives into the ethical considerations of AI, which is crucial in today's landscape. Whether you're a data science professional or just curious about AI, this book serves as a great resource to deepen your knowledge and skills.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Matt Eland Oct 01, 2024
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This book covers not only the concepts of generative AI, but the key approaches behind it. If you want to move beyond the basic overview and see the next level down to the specific components that make up these solutions, this will be a good book for you.The book covers transformers, GANs, diffusers, model evaluation, fine tuning approaches such as PEFT and LoRA, prompt engineering and RAG with LlamaIndex, and even some ethical concerns regarding these technologies.This is a shorter book that doesn't linger too long on any specific area, so it will likely disappoint you if you're looking to get deeper with something specific. However, what this book does very well at is identifying things for you to research further and dig deeper into if they match your needs.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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