We may have objects that are created from a variety of sources. For example, we might need to clone an object as part of creating a memento, or freeze an object so that it can be used as the key of a dictionary or placed into a set; this is the idea behind the set and frozenset built-in classes.
We'll look at two design patterns that offer multiple ways to build an object. One design pattern uses a complex __init__() method with multiple strategies for initialization. This leads to designing the __init__() method with a number of optional parameters. The other common design pattern involves creating multiple static or class-level methods, each with a distinct definition.
Defining an overloaded __init__() method can be confusing to mypy, because the parameters may have distinct value types. This is solved by using the @overload decorator to describe...
