NFR - Analytical modeling
Analytical models are the products of the engineering sciences. A performance model in this category is a set of lower-level system parameters and a mathematical rule of combination that predicts the performance parameter of interest from lower-level values.
The model is normally accompanied by a performance budget or a set of nominal values for the lower-level parameters to meet a required performance target.
Please refer to the following figure for more clarity:
Figure 2: Comparison NFR measurement techniques