Chapter 9: Decoding TCP and UDP
Since being standardized in the early 1980s, the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite has defined how data is addressed, packetized, transmitted, and routed. Over the years, modifications have been made to the TCP/IP suite to provide more efficiency in today's changing network. This chapter will focus on the TCP portion of the suite, that is, the transport layer (or Layer 4) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Layer 4 has several protocols to transport data; however, we will focus on the most widely used transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP.
In this chapter, we'll begin by reviewing the role and purpose of the transport layer. We'll then take a closer look at TCP, a connection-oriented protocol, and its uses. So that you can easily analyze TCP, we'll examine the header format and field values in detail, such as sequence number, offset, window size (WS), and TCP flags. We'll summarize...