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Learning ROS for Robotics Programming Second Edition
Learning ROS for Robotics Programming Second Edition

Learning ROS for Robotics Programming Second Edition: Take control of the Linux based Robot Operating System, and discover the tools, libraries, and conventions you need to create your own robots without the hassle.

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Profile Icon Mahtani Profile Icon Aaron Martinez
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Mahtani Profile Icon Aaron Martinez
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Paperback Aug 2015 458 pages 1st Edition
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Learning ROS for Robotics Programming Second Edition

Chapter 2. ROS Architecture and Concepts

Once you have installed ROS, you certainly must be thinking, "OK, I have installed it, and now what?" In this chapter, you will learn the structure of ROS and the parts it is made up of. Furthermore, you will start to create nodes and packages and use ROS with examples using Turtlesim.

The ROS architecture has been designed and divided into three sections or levels of concepts:

  • The Filesystem level
  • The Computation Graph level
  • The Community level

The first level is the Filesystem level. In this level, a group of concepts are used to explain how ROS is internally formed, the folder structure, and the minimum number of files that it needs to work.

The second level is the Computation Graph level where communication between processes and systems happens. In this section, we will see all the concepts and systems that ROS has to set up systems, handle all the processes, communicate with more than a single computer, and so on.

The third level...

Understanding the ROS Filesystem level

When you start to use or develop projects with ROS, you will see that although this concept can sound strange in the beginning, you will become familiar with it with time.

Understanding the ROS Filesystem level

Similar to an operating system, an ROS program is divided into folders, and these folders have files that describe their functionalities:

  • Packages: Packages form the atomic level of ROS. A package has the minimum structure and content to create a program within ROS. It may have ROS runtime processes (nodes), configuration files, and so on.
  • Package manifests: Package manifests provide information about a package, licenses, dependencies, compilation flags, and so on. A package manifest is managed with a file called package.xml.
  • Metapackages: When you want to aggregate several packages in a group, you will use metapackages. In ROS Fuerte, this form for ordering packages was called Stacks. To maintain the simplicity of ROS, the stacks were removed, and now, metapackages make up this function...

Understanding the ROS Computation Graph level

ROS creates a network where all the processes are connected. Any node in the system can access this network, interact with other nodes, see the information that they are sending, and transmit data to the network:

Understanding the ROS Computation Graph level

The basic concepts in this level are nodes, the master, Parameter Server, messages, services, topics, and bags, all of which provide data to the graph in different ways and are explained in the following list:

  • Nodes: Nodes are processes where computation is done. If you want to have a process that can interact with other nodes, you need to create a node with this process to connect it to the ROS network. Usually, a system will have many nodes to control different functions. You will see that it is better to have many nodes that provide only a single functionality, rather than have a large node that makes everything in the system. Nodes are written with a ROS client library, for example, roscpp or rospy.
  • The master: The master provides...

Understanding the ROS Community level

The ROS Community level concepts are the ROS resources that enable separate communities to exchange software and knowledge. These resources include the following:

  • Distributions: ROS distributions are collections of versioned metapackages that you can install. ROS distributions play a similar role to Linux distributions. They make it easier to install a collection of software, and they also maintain consistent versions across a set of software.
  • Repositories: ROS relies on a federated network of code repositories, where different institutions can develop and release their own robot software components.
  • The ROS Wiki: The ROS Wiki is the main forum for documenting information about ROS. Anyone can sign up for an account, contribute their own documentation, provide corrections or updates, write tutorials, and more.
  • Bug Ticket System: If you find a problem or want to propose a new feature, ROS has this resource to do it.
  • Mailing lists: The ROS user-mailing list...

Tutorials to practice with ROS

It is time for you to practice what you have learned until now. In the upcoming sections, you will see examples for you to practice along with the creation of packages, using nodes, using Parameter Server, and moving a simulated robot with Turtlesim.

Navigating by ROS Filesystem

We have command-line tools to navigate through the filesystem. We are going to explain the most used ones.

To get information and move to packages and stacks, we will use rospack, rosstack, roscd, and rosls.

We use rospack and rosstack to get information about packages and stacks, the path, the dependencies, and so on.

For example, if you want to find the path of the turtlesim package, you will use the following command:

$ rospack find turtlesim

You will then obtain the following output:

/opt/ros/hydro/share/turtlesim

The same thing happens with the metapackages that you have installed in the system. An example of this is as follows:

$ rosstack find ros_comm

You will obtain the path for the...

Summary

This chapter provided you with general information about the ROS architecture and how it works. You saw certain concepts, tools, and samples of how to interact with nodes, topics, and services. In the beginning, all of these concepts might look complicated and without use, but in the upcoming chapters, you will start to understand their applications.

It is useful to practice using these terms and tutorials before continuing because, in the upcoming chapters, we will assume that you know all of the concepts and uses.

Remember that if you have queries about something and you cannot find the solution in this book, you can use the official resources of ROS from http://www.ros.org. Additionally, you can ask the ROS community questions at http://answers.ros.org.

In the next chapter, you will learn how to debug and visualize data using ROS tools. This will help you to find problems, know whether what ROS is doing is correct, and better define what your expectations from it are.

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Description

If you have ever tried building a robot, then you know how cumbersome programming everything from scratch can be. This is where ROS comes into the picture. It is a collection of tools, libraries, and conventions that simplifies the robot building process. What’s more, ROS encourages collaborative robotics software development, allowing you to connect with experts in various fields to collaborate and build upon each other's work. Packed full of examples, this book will help you understand the ROS framework to help you build your own robot applications in a simulated environment and share your knowledge with the large community supporting ROS. Starting at an introductory level, this book is a comprehensive guide to the fascinating world of robotics, covering sensor integration, modeling, simulation, computer vision, navigation algorithms, and more. You will then go on to explore concepts like topics, messages, and nodes. Next, you will learn how to make your robot see with HD cameras, or navigate obstacles with range sensors. Furthermore, thanks to the contributions of the vast ROS community, your robot will be able to navigate autonomously, and even recognize and interact with you in a matter of minutes. What’s new in this updated edition? First and foremost, we are going to work with ROS Hydro this time around. You will learn how to create, visualize, and process Point Cloud information from different sensors. This edition will also show you how to control and plan motion of robotic arms with multiple joints using MoveIt! By the end of this book, you will have all the background you need to build your own robot and get started with ROS.

Who is this book for?

In order to make the most of the book, you should have a C++ programming background, knowledge of GNU/Linux systems, and general skills in computer science. No previous background in ROS is required, as this book takes you from the ground up.

What you will learn

  • Install a complete ROS Hydro system
  • Create ROS packages and metapackages, using and debugging them in real time
  • Build, handle, and debug ROS nodes
  • Design your 3D robot model and simulate it in a virtual environment within Gazebo
  • Generate and adapt the navigation stack to work with your robot
  • Integrate different sensors such as Range Laser, Arduino, and Kinect with your robot
  • Visualize and process Point Cloud information from different sensors
  • Control and plan the motion of robotic arms with multiple joints using MoveIt!
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
1. Getting Started with ROS Hydro Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. ROS Architecture and Concepts Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Visualization and Debug Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Using Sensors and Actuators with ROS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Computer Vision Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Point Clouds Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. 3D Modeling and Simulation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. The Navigation Stack – Robot Setups Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. The Navigation Stack – Beyond Setups Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Manipulation with MoveIt! Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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4 star 25%
3 star 12.5%
2 star 0%
1 star 12.5%
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Jesús Andrés Jara Puelles May 16, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The excellent book.
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Akihiko HONDA Sep 25, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I'm one of the technical reviewers of this book. As far as I read, I recommend this book to new challengers to intelligent robots and highly motivated people who want to extend the capabilities of their own robot. As I myself am working in the field of space robotics, this book will surely solve some of my colleagues’ technical problems.Robot Operating System (ROS) is middleware to operate robots. It provides essential functions to develop complicated system. The famous examples of using ROS are DARPA Robotics Challenge and Robonaut 2.This book starts with how to set up ROS on your computer. In later chapters, you can learn how to connect sensors and actuators, process image (mono/stereo ) and point cloud data using OpenCV and PCL, use dynamics simulator (GAZEBO), and navigate or manipulate robots.Each chapter provides explanations, one by one, and has sample programs and links to the repository. This point is very important because ROS and its programs are developed and maintained by open source community. This book can provide reader with comprehensive view and a good foothold to start with this technology.Finally, though ROS version Hydro is mainly discussed in this book, the differences between Hydro and Indigo (the newer and long-term supported one) is quite small. Therefore, this book will be useful for a long time.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Juan J. Garcia Montaño Sep 24, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very good book, I have learned to use some robots as Turtlebot, and understand concepts such as topics, nodes and services.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
James A Herd Oct 05, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is the best way I've seen for those wanting to get started with ROS. Unlike official ROS tutorials, instead of talking about somewhat abstract concepts behind ROS it uses concrete examples that most robotics beginners can relate to.This book has the first instance of an end to end tutorial (that I've come across) that shows how to get a custom robot arm set up with the MoveIt! toolkit to allow for inverse kinematics, trajectory planning and object collisions.Given how much easier ROS is to understand with this book I've started recommending it to people at the local robotics meetup!
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Marco Nov 24, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
some instructions in the book are not clear
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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