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Knockout.JS Essentials
Knockout.JS Essentials

Knockout.JS Essentials: Implement a successful JavaScript-rich application with KnockoutJS, jQuery, and Bootstrap

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Knockout.JS Essentials

Chapter 2. KnockoutJS Templates

Once we have built our Catalog, it is time to add a cart to our application. When our code begins to grow, it's necessary to split it in several parts to keep it maintainable. When we split JavaScript code, we are talking about modules, classes, function, libraries, and so on. When we talk about HTML, we call these parts templates.

KnockoutJS has a native template engine that we can use to manage our HTML. It is very simple, but also has a big inconvenience: templates, it should be loaded in the current HTML page. This is not a problem if our app is small, but it could be a problem if our application begins to need more and more templates.

In this chapter, we are going to design our templates with the native engine and then we will speak about mechanisms and external libraries we can use to improve the Knockout template engine.

Preparing the project

We can begin from the project we did in Chapter 1, Refreshing the UI Automatically with KnockoutJS. First of all, we are going to add some style to the page. Add a file called style.css into the css folder. Add a reference in the index.html file, just below the bootstrap reference. The following is the content of the file:

.container-fluid {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.row {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.cart-unit {
  width: 80px;
}
.btn-xs {
  font-size:8px;
}
.list-group-item {
  overflow: hidden;
}
.list-group-item h4 {
  float:left;
  width: 100px;
}
.list-group-item .input-group-addon {
  padding: 0;
}
.btn-group-vertical > .btn-default {
  border-color: transparent;
}
.form-control[disabled], .form-control[readonly] {
  background-color: transparent !important;
}

Now remove all the content from the body tag except for the script tags and paste in these lines:

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row" id="catalogContainer&quot...

Creating templates

Template elements are commonly declared at the bottom of the body, just above the <script> tags that have references to our external libraries. We are going to define some templates and then we will talk about each one of them:

<!-- templates -->
<script type="text/html" id="header"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="catalog"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="add-to-catalog-modal"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="cart-widget"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="cart-item"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="cart"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="order"></script>
<script type="text/html" id="finish-order-modal"></script>

Each template name is descriptive enough by itself, so it&apos...

Handling templates with if and ifnot bindings

You have learned how to show and hide templates with the power of jQuery and Bootstrap. This is quite good because you can use this technique with any framework you want. The problem with this type of code is that since jQuery is a DOM manipulation library, you need to reference elements to manipulate them. This means you need to know over which element you want to apply the action. Knockout gives us some bindings to hide and show elements depending on the values of our view-model. Let's update the show and hide methods and the templates.

Add both the control variables to your view-model and expose them in the return statement.

var visibleCatalog = ko.observable(true);
var visibleCart = ko.observable(false);

Now update the show and hide methods:

var showCartDetails = function () {
  if (cart().length > 0) {
    visibleCart(true);
  }
};

var hideCartDetails = function () {
  visibleCart(false);
};

var showOrder = function () {
  visibleCatalog...

Managing templates with jQuery

Since we want to load templates from different files, let's move all our templates to a folder called views and make one file per template. Each file will have the same name the template has as an ID. So if the template has the ID, cart-item, the file should be called cart-item.html and will contain the full cart-item template:

<script type="text/html" id="cart-item"></script>
Managing templates with jQuery

The views folder with all templates

Now in the viewmodel.js file, remove the last line (ko.applyBindings(vm)) and add this code:

var templates = [
  'header',
  'catalog',
  'cart',
  'cart-item',
  'cart-widget',
  'order',
  'add-to-catalog-modal',
  'finish-order-modal'
];

var busy = templates.length;
templates.forEach(function(tpl){
  "use strict";
  $.get('views/'+ tpl + '.html').then(function(data){
    $('body').append(data)...

Managing templates with koExternalTemplateEngine

We have seen two ways of loading templates, both of them are good enough to manage a low number of templates, but when lines of code begin to grow, we need something that allows us to forget about template management. We just want to call a template and get the content.

For this purpose, Jim Cowart's library, koExternalTemplateEngine, is perfect. This project was abandoned by the author in 2014, but it is still a good library that we can use when we develop simple projects. In the next chapters, you will learn more about asynchronous loading and module patterns and we will see other libraries that are currently maintained.

We just need to download the library in the js/vendors folder and then link it in our index.html file just below the Knockout library.

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vendors/knockout.debug.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/vendors/koExternalTemplateEngine_all...

Preparing the project


We can begin from the project we did in Chapter 1, Refreshing the UI Automatically with KnockoutJS. First of all, we are going to add some style to the page. Add a file called style.css into the css folder. Add a reference in the index.html file, just below the bootstrap reference. The following is the content of the file:

.container-fluid {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.row {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.cart-unit {
  width: 80px;
}
.btn-xs {
  font-size:8px;
}
.list-group-item {
  overflow: hidden;
}
.list-group-item h4 {
  float:left;
  width: 100px;
}
.list-group-item .input-group-addon {
  padding: 0;
}
.btn-group-vertical > .btn-default {
  border-color: transparent;
}
.form-control[disabled], .form-control[readonly] {
  background-color: transparent !important;
}

Now remove all the content from the body tag except for the script tags and paste in these lines:

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row" id="catalogContainer">
    <div class="col-xs-12...
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Description

If you are a JavaScript developer who has been using DOM manipulation libraries such as Mootools or Scriptaculous, and you want go further in modern JavaScript development with a simple and well-documented library, then this book is for you. Learning how to use Knockout will be perfect as your next step towards building JavaScript applications that respond to user interaction.

Who is this book for?

If you are a JavaScript developer who has been using DOM manipulation libraries such as Mootools or Scriptaculous, and you want go further in modern JavaScript development with a simple and well-documented library, then this book is for you. Learning how to use Knockout will be perfect as your next step towards building JavaScript applications that respond to user interaction.

What you will learn

  • Organize and maintain your code when applications begin to grow
  • Get to know JavaScript patterns and best practices to keep your code readable
  • Bind JavaScript objects and DOM elements with practical examples
  • Integrate and manage events to give the user a better experience
  • Extend the framework to create your own components
  • Create a singlepage application using the Durandal JavaScript framework
  • Split your application in modules to keep it engrossing and maintainable
  • Manage templates to keep your HTML as simple as possible
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Publication date : Feb 27, 2015
Length: 232 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784397074
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Length: 232 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781784397074
Languages :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
1. Refreshing the UI Automatically with KnockoutJS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. KnockoutJS Templates Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Custom Bindings and Components Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Managing KnockoutJS Events Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Getting Data from the Server Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. The Module Pattern – RequireJS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Durandal – The KnockoutJS Framework Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Developing Web Applications with Durandal – The Cart Project Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
(2 Ratings)
5 star 50%
4 star 0%
3 star 50%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Alexander Fyodorov Apr 16, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Brilliant book. Methodically correct - its main working example is being enhanced part by part during the course of the chapters. I really like the patterns of KO usage summarized here (actually theyare the best patterns to work with javascript anyway). Don't manipulate DOM within the ViewModel, use declarative bindings in the HTML vews. Don't call Ajax from the VMs - use services that can be easily mocked. Use pure models (without presentational details) within VMs. Modularize code with RequireJS, use Durandal framework to facilitate many routine tasks.Highly recommend this book to anyone writing large Single Page Applications.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Stephen L. Mcconnell Aug 01, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
It is a pretty good book. However, there are typos (which one can figure out) and I cannot get a copy of the source files. The examples in the book are confusing (if one has never worked with Knockout JS) and the book often just plops a new function or HTML section without explaining where they go. I beat my head against the wall for half a day before I realized that where the javascript goes is important and the "data-bind" won't work if you put your javascript in the wrong place. I'm new to Javascript and Knockout and am totally frustrated.UPDATE:As I get more into the book and understand more, it becomes less confusing. I have updated this review to three stars. Once I figured out some of the seemingly obfuscated nuances about the writing style and example style, the examples are working better.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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