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Understanding TCP/IP
Understanding TCP/IP

Understanding TCP/IP: A clear and comprehensive guide to TCP/IP protocols

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Understanding TCP/IP

Chapter 2. Network Monitoring Tools

Network monitoring tools can be used to monitor data transfers on your network. Monitoring is a process of capturing link frames in the network and storing these frames in memory. Monitoring also includes viewing the contents of the individual captured frames.

Network monitoring tools are mostly used by network administrators to look for network configuration errors or monitor network workload. These tools are also an indispensable resource for programmers who develop network applications. To give you an example, let’s say you have written a client/server application. You start the application and nothing happens—the client does not even connect to the server. At this point, you cannot be sure whether the problem lies with the client or the server. By capturing frames, however, you can establish that the client sent a data frame, but the server did not react and the fault is therefore likely on the server’s side. Or you...

2.1 Packet Drivers

In order to keep track of incoming and outgoing packets, we have to insert a component between the network interface and the rest of the operating system. This component is able to track the passing packets or perhaps hand them over to other programs to be protocolled or displayed. This component is often called a packet driver or packet filter. In MS Windows NT (Windows 2000, XP etc.), the packet driver is called the Network Monitor Agent. The program that protocols or displays the packets captured by the packet driver, is the Network Monitor for Windows or the tcpdump command for UNIX.

The network interface cards of systems connected to the LAN listen to the traffic on the LAN, i.e., they read individual passing link frames. Link frames of protocols for local networks usually start with the destination link address, so if the station finds that the incoming frame is not addressed to itself, then it usually ignores the rest of the frame. In practice this means that...

2.2 MS Network Monitor

MS Network Monitor is supplied with certain Microsoft products (such as SMS Server). Installing the program on Windows NT must be done very carefully and exactly according to the instructions in the guide. In the middle of the installation process, you will usually be asked to install Network Monitor Agent. If you do not follow the instructions exactly, the program will not function and will need to be reinstalled.

Starting with Windows 2000 and later, Network Monitor is supplied as a part of the server (Network Monitor Tools). On the other hand, Windows 2000 and XP restricts the use of the program. Therefore, we more often find Ethereal used in PCs.

The Network Monitor handles frame display well. Not only can it separate the header from the actual data, but it can also dissect individual items in the network protocol headers.

2.2.1 Frame Capturing

When you start Network Monitor, the window shown in Figure 2.1 pops up. Inside this window should be the Capture window...

2.3 Ethereal

Ethereal is an alternative to Network Monitor and can be used with Windows 2000 Professional or Windows XP. You can download the program at http://www.ethereal.com/. In addition to the graphical Ethereal program, the distribution also contains other utilities such as a command-line version called Tethereal.

For starters, we have to install the packet driver. As mentioned earlier, if you are going to run Ethereal on Windows, use the WinPcap packet driver, which can be found at http://netgroup-serv.polito.it/.

After you have successfully installed the packet driver, you can install and configure Ethereal. When you run the program, you are presented with the window shown in Figure 2.6, which is similar to the Network Monitor window shown in Figure 2.5. Choose Capture | Start to open a window where you can enter parameters for frame capturing. For example, by clicking Interface you can choose the network interface used to capture frames. Click OK to begin capturing. After the capturing...

2.4 Homework

You should now be ready to experiment with Network Monitor or Ethereal. It is recommended that you try to capture your own password as the first exercise. (The authors strongly discourage you from trying to capture somebody else’s password—after all, this would not be possible without switching your network card into promiscuous mode or using switched Ethernet.) Try these two exercises:

  1. Telnet protocol: You do not even need an account on a server. Choose whatever server you like that works with Telnet. Start up Network Monitor and, using Telnet, try to establish a connection and choose your username and password. The server will refuse the connection, but stop Network Monitor and use the frame search to find the username and password that you entered. You should be patient, since the terminal first tries to set the terminal characteristics using the<IAC> command of the Telnet application protocol. You should just skip this dialogue. In Ethereal, this process...
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Key benefits

  • Essential reference to what's really going on at the network level
  • Covers Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, ESMTP, IMAP4, POP3, NNTP, and LDAP
  • IP4 and IP6

Description

This book covers in detail the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model and the TCP/IP protocols that operate that different layers. Its coverage includes various application protocols. The authors explain in an easy-to-read style networking concepts and protocols, with examples that make the book a practical guide in addition to its coverage of theory.

Who is this book for?

This book is suitable for the novice and experienced system administrators, programmers, and anyone who would like to learn how to work with the TCP/IP protocol suite. It can be read even by those who have little background in networking

What you will learn

  • This book covers all the basic as well as advanced uses of TCP/IP
  • Chapter 1 is a general introduction to networking concepts the understanding of which is required for reading the book. The chapter introduces the Open System Interconnection (OSI) networking framework, which defines seven layers for implementing network protocols, and the simpler TCP/IP model. It also explains the three different data transmission methods: synchronous, asynchronous, and packet.
  • Chapter two focuses on tools that can be used to monitor data transfers on the network. Three tools are covered: MS Network Monitor and Ethereal.
  • Chapter 3 discusses the first of the seven layers of the OSI model: the physical layer. Serial lines, modems, digital circuits, and other hardware devices are covered. The chapter also explains how the choice of the physical layer depends on the choice of the link protocol, with emphasis on Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabyte.
  • Chapter 4 explains the link layer, focusing on the following link protocols: Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), Compressed SLIP (CSLIP), High-level Data Link Control (HDLC), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), Frame Relay, and Ethernet.
  • Chapter 5 talks about the Internet Protocol (IP). It covers IP datagram, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Reverse ARP (RARP), and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP).
  • Chapter 6 covers IP addresses in IP version 4. The various classes of IP addresses, reserved IP addresses, net masks, subnetworks, and super networks.
  • Chapter 7 covers IP routing and IP forwarding, including handling routing tables; routing protocols, such as Routing Vector Protocols (RVP) and Link State Protocols (LSP); and Neutral Exchange Point (NIX).
  • Chapter 8 focused on IP version 6, which enlarges the IP address size from 4 to 16 bytes and introduces some changes to the IP datagram.
  • Chapter 9 covers the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the protocol that transfers data between applications on different computers.
  • Chapter 10 presents the simpler alternative to TCP, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
  • Chapter 11 covers the Domain Name System (DNS), which translates IP addresses into domain names and vice versa.
  • Chapter 12-17 covers a number of application protocols, namely Telnet, FTP, HTTP, SMTP, ESMTP, IMAP4, POP3, NNTP, and LDAP.
  • Appendix A covers working with CISCO routers. since CISCO is considered the dominant company in this area.
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : May 11, 2006
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781904811718
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Table of Contents

19 Chapters
1. Introduction to Network Protocols Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Network Monitoring Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Physical Layer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Link Layer Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Internet Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. IP Address Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Routing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. IP Version 6 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Transmission Control Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. User Datagram Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. Domain Name System Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Telnet Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
13. File Transfer Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
14. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
15. Email Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
16. Forums Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
17. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
A. CISCO Routers Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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