Introducing TCP
The OSI model, which we will discuss later in this section, has seven layers. Layer 4 of the model is reserved for transport protocols such as the TCP and provides dependable connection-oriented transport service. The functions of TCP is defined in the request for comments (RFC) 9293, https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9293. Contained in the document, TCP has the following main characteristics:
- Connection reliability: TCP clients and servers launch and terminate TCP sessions in a precise order, reducing the chance of packet loss once the connection has begun and guaranteeing a seamless session termination.
- Packet ordering and sequencing: TCP packets are assigned unique numbers called sequence numbers. This is because packets can arrive out of order due to routing. When the packets arrive at the host machine, the segments are reassembled using the sequence numbers in the correct order. When complete, the segment is transferred to the upper-layer application...