Quantum computing

In this section, I will talk about quantum computing and quantum computers. The difference between the two is that quantum computing is the computational power that’s expressed by a quantum system, while a quantum computer is the system’s physical implementation, which is composed of hardware and software. The first idea of a quantum computer was originally proposed by Richard Feynman in 1982; then, in 1985, David Deutsch formulated the first theoretical model of it. This field has gone through a big evolution in recent decades; some private companies began to take action and experiment with new models of quantum computers. Some of them, such as D-Waves and Righetti Computing, raised millions of dollars for the research and development of these machines and their relative software:

Figure 9.13: D-Waves hybrid quantum computer

As you should already know, normal computers work with bits, while quantum computers work with qubits. As we have...