Calculus in R
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between two quantities, connected via a function, from either a micro or a macro perspective. Taking a microscopic lens, such a relationship (often denoted by y = f(x)) manifests in the form of a very small change in the output y given an infinitesimal change in the input x. When switching to the macro perspective, the relationship becomes the cumulative change in y as x changes. The micro perspective corresponds to differential calculus, and the macro perspective corresponds to integral calculus, both introduced in this chapter.
By the end of this chapter, you will have grasped essential concepts in differential and integral calculus. Practical implementations in R will also be introduced to leverage R’s automatic differentiation and integration capabilities.
In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:
- Introducing calculus
- Working with calculus in R
- Working with integration...
