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The Art of Micro Frontends
The Art of Micro Frontends

The Art of Micro Frontends: Build highly scalable, distributed web applications with multiple teams , Second Edition

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Profile Icon Florian Rappl
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Paperback Oct 2024 356 pages 2nd Edition
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Arrow left icon
Profile Icon Florian Rappl
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₹2755.99
Paperback Oct 2024 356 pages 2nd Edition
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The Art of Micro Frontends

Why Micro Frontends?

Every journey needs to start somewhere. Quite often, we’ll find ourselves looking for a solution to a particular problem. Knowing the problem in depth is usually part of the solution. Without a detailed understanding of the various challenges, finding a proper way to handle the situation seems impossible.

After almost three decades of web development, we’ve reached a point where anything is possible. The boundaries between classical desktop applications, mobile native applications, and websites have been torn apart. These days, many websites are actually web applications and offer a tool-like character.

As developers, we find ourselves in a quite difficult situation. Very often, the cognitive load to handle the underlying complexities of code bases is way too high. Consequently, inefficiencies and bugs stalk us.

One possible way out of this dilemma is the architectural pattern of micro frontends. In this chapter, we’ll discover the...

Technical requirements

To follow the code samples in this book, you need knowledge of JavaScript and how to use the command line. You should have Node.js (version 20 or higher) installed, using the instructions at https://nodejs.org.

For this chapter, there is no source code and no Code in Action (CiA) video available.

The evolution of web applications

Before looking for reasons to use micro frontends, we should look at why micro frontends came to exist at all. How did the web evolve from a small proof of concept (POC) running on a NeXT computer in a small office at Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN)/The European Organization for Nuclear Research to become a central piece of the information age?

Programming the web

My first contact with web development was in the mid-1990s. Back then, the web was mostly composed of static web pages. While some people were experienced enough to bring in some dynamic websites using the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) technology, as shown in Figure 1.1, most webmasters did not have knowledge of this or wanted to spend money on server-side rendering (SSR). The term webmaster was commonly used for somebody who was in charge of a website and instead of doing SSR, everything was crafted by hand upfront.

Figure 1.1 – The web changes from static to dynamic pages

Figure 1...

Everything becomes micro

In the previous section, we discovered that the eventual split into dedicated parts for the frontend and backend of an application may be quite useful. Staying on the backend, the rise of smaller services that need to be orchestrated and joined together can be observed across the industry in the form of so-called microservices.

From SOA to microservices

While the idea of a service-oriented architecture (SOA) is not new, what microservices brought to the table is freedom of choice. In the early 2000s, the term SOA was introduced to already try that out. However, for SOA, we saw a broad palette of requirements and constraints. From the communicating protocol and the discoverability of the API to the consuming applications, everything was either predetermined – or at least strongly recommended.

With the ultimate failure of SOA, the community tried to stay away from building too many services too quickly. In the end, it was not only about the constraints...

Emerging web standards

There are a couple of problems that make developing micro frontends that run on the client problematic. Among other considerations, we need to be able to isolate code as much as possible to avoid conflicts. However, in contrast to backend microservices, we may also want to share resources such as a runtime framework; otherwise, exhausting the available resources on a user’s computer is possible.

While this sounds exotic at first, performance is one of the bigger challenges for micro frontends. On the backend, we can give every service a suitable amount of hardware. On the frontend, we need to live with the browser running code on a machine that the user chooses. This could be a larger desktop machine, but it could also be a Raspberry Pi or a smartphone.

One area where recent web standards help quite a bit is with style isolation. Without style isolation, the Document Object Model (DOM) would treat every style as global, resulting in accidental style...

Faster TTM

As previously mentioned, there are technical and business reasons why micro frontends have been a bit more difficult to fully embrace than their backend counterparts. My personal opinion is that the technical reasons are significant, but they are not as crucial as the business reasons.

When implementing micro frontends, we should never look for technical reasons alone. Ultimately, our applications are created for end users. As a result, end users should not be impacted negatively by our technical choices.

But not only should the user experience be a driver from a business perspective – the productivity level and the development process should also be taken into consideration. Ultimately, this impacts the user experience just as much and represents the basis for any implementation – how fast we can ship new features or adjust to some user surveys.

Decreasing onboarding time

Twenty years ago, most developers that entered a company stayed for quite...

Summary

In this chapter, we investigated how the web has evolved to reach a point where micro frontends can be presented as a viable solution. We discussed that the need for application scaling has hit a point where alignment efforts have had a massive impact on efficiency. Together with some new technical possibilities, the architectural pattern of micro frontends can now be implemented successfully.

You now know that micro frontends not only have a technical but also a business background. However, besides some advantages, they also come with disadvantages. Knowing from the start what to expect is crucial when aiming for a solid solution.

In the next chapter, we’ll have a more detailed look at the challenges and pitfalls of micro frontends. Our goal is to be able to successfully tackle all challenges with sound solutions. We will cover some of the most difficult problems, following a path that leads to proper implementation.

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Key benefits

  • Cut through the complexities of designing a monolithic web architecture using micro frontend architecture
  • Explore architecture patterns and their areas of use for building large-scale applications
  • Learn how to build, test, and secure your micro frontends efficiently
  • Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook

Description

The organizational pattern of micro frontends allows you to split web applications into multiple parts, where each part can be owned by an autonomous team. Each team can have its own development and deployment life cycle, allowing every part of an application to be shipped in isolation. Following the strategies outlined in this book, you can avoid complexity while increasing resilience for your frontend. This updated second edition will guide you through the patterns available to implement a micro frontend solution. You’ll learn about micro frontends, the different architecture styles, and their areas of use. Then, you’ll learn how to prepare teams for the change to micro frontends, as well as how to adjust the user interface (UI) design and your CSS styles for scalability. Starting with the simplest variants of micro frontend architectures, the book progresses from static approaches to fully dynamic solutions that allow maximum scalability with faster release cycles. In the concluding chapters, you’ll strengthen the security level of your micro frontend solution, while reinforcing your overall knowledge with real-world case studies relating to micro frontends. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to decide whether and how micro frontends should be implemented to achieve high scalability for your web app.

Who is this book for?

This book is for software architects, lead developers, senior web developers, and frontend engineers. Beginner-level knowledge of HTML and CSS, as well as a solid understanding of JavaScript programming and its ecosystem, including Node.js and npm, is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Understand how to choose the right micro frontend architecture
  • Use screen designs and isolated styles for compositional UIs
  • Create outstanding developer experiences for micro frontend solutions
  • Introduce governance and boundary checks to manage distributed frontends
  • Share dependencies and expose micro frontends with module federation
  • Build scalable modular web applications from scratch or by migrating an existing monolith
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Length: 356 pages
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Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781835460351

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Table of Contents

26 Chapters
Part 1:The Hive – Introducing Frontend Modularization Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Why Micro Frontends? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Common Challenges and Pitfalls Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Deployment Scenarios Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Domain Decomposition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 2: Dry Honey – Implementing Micro Frontend Architectures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Types of Micro Frontend Architectures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: The Web Approach Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Server-Side Composition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Edge-Side Composition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Client-Side Composition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: SPA Composition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: Siteless UIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 3: Bee Brood – Implementation Details Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12: Sharing Dependencies with Module Federation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 13: Isolating CSS Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 14: Securing the Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 15: Decoupling Using a Discovery Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Part 4: Busy Bees – Scaling Organizations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 16: Preparing Teams and Stakeholders Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 17: Dependency Management, Governance, and Security Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 18: Impact of Micro Frontends on UX and Screen Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 19: Building a Great Developer Experience Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 20: Case Studies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
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