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OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook
OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook: Build high-quality, real-time 3D graphics with OpenGL 4.6, GLSL 4.6 and C++17 , Third Edition

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OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook

Working with GLSL Programs

In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:

  • Sending data to a shader using vertex attributes and vertex buffer objects
  • Getting a list of active vertex input attributes and locations
  • Sending data to a shader using uniform variables
  • Getting a list of active uniform variables
  • Using uniform blocks and uniform buffer objects
  • Using program pipelines
  • Getting debug messages
  • Building a C++ shader program class

Introduction

In Chapter 1, Getting Started with GLSL, we covered the basics of compiling, linking, and exporting shader programs. In this chapter, we'll cover techniques for communication between shader programs and the host OpenGL program. To be more specific, we'll focus primarily on input. The input to shader programs is generally accomplished via attributes and uniform variables. In this chapter, we'll see several examples of the use of these types of variables. We'll also cover a recipe for mixing and matching shader program stages, and a recipe for creating a C++ shader program object.

We won't cover shader output in this chapter. Obviously, shader programs send their output to the default framebuffer, but there are several other techniques for receiving shader output. For example, the use of custom framebuffer objects allow us to store shader...

Sending data to a shader using vertex attributes and vertex buffer objects

The vertex shader is invoked once per vertex. Its main job is to process the data associated with the vertex, and pass it (and possibly other information) along to the next stage of the pipeline. In order to give our vertex shader something to work with, we must have some way of providing (per-vertex) input to the shader. Typically, this includes the vertex position, normal vector, and texture coordinates (among other things). In earlier versions of OpenGL (prior to 3.0), each piece of vertex information had a specific channel in the pipeline. It was provided to the shaders using functions such as glVertex, glTexCoord, and glNormal (or within client vertex arrays using glVertexPointer, glTexCoordPointer, or glNormalPointer). The shader would then access these values via...

Getting a list of active vertex input attributes and locations

As covered in the previous recipe, the input variables within a vertex shader are linked to generic vertex attribute indices at the time the program is linked. If we need to specify the relationship, we can either use layout qualifiers within the shader, or we could call glBindAttribLocation before linking.

However, it may be preferable to let the linker create the mappings automatically and query for them after program linking is complete. In this recipe, we'll see a simple example that prints all the active attributes and their indices.

Getting ready

Start with an OpenGL program that compiles and links a shader pair. You could use the shaders...

Sending data to a shader using uniform variables

Vertex attributes offer one avenue for providing input to shaders; a second technique is uniform variables. Uniform variables are intended to be used for data that may change relatively infrequently compared to per-vertex attributes. In fact, it is simply not possible to set per-vertex attributes with uniform variables. For example, uniform variables are well-suited to the matrices used for modeling, viewing, and projective transformations.

Within a shader, uniform variables are read-only. Their values can only be changed from outside the shader, via the OpenGL API. However, they can be initialized within the shader by assigning them to a constant value along with the declaration.

Uniform variables can appear in any shader within a shader program, and are always used as input variables. They can be declared in one or more shaders...

Getting a list of active uniform variables

While it is a simple process to query for the location of an individual uniform variable, there may be instances where it can be useful to generate a list of all active uniform variables. For example, one might choose to create a set of variables to store the location of each uniform and assign their values after the program is linked. This would avoid the need to query for uniform locations when setting the value of the uniform variables, creating slightly more efficient code.

The process for listing uniform variables is very similar to the process for listing attributes (see the Getting a list of active vertex input attributes and locations recipe), so this recipe will refer the reader back to the previous recipe for a detailed explanation.

...

Using uniform blocks and uniform buffer objects

If your program involves multiple shader programs that use the same uniform variables, one has to manage the variables separately for each program. Uniform locations are generated when a program is linked, so the locations of the uniforms may change from one program to the next. The data for those uniforms may have to be regenerated and applied to the new locations.

Uniform blocks were designed to ease the sharing of uniform data between programs. With uniform blocks, one can create a buffer object for storing the values of all the uniform variables, and bind the buffer to the uniform block. When changing programs, the same buffer object need only be rebound to the corresponding block in the new program.

A uniform block is simply a group of uniform variables defined within a syntactical structure known as a uniform block. For example...

Using program pipelines

Program pipeline objects were introduced as part of the separable shader objects extension, and moved into core OpenGL with version 4.1. They allow programmers to mix and match shader stages from multiple separable shader programs. To understand how this works and why it may be useful, let's go through a hypothetical example. 

Suppose we have one vertex shader and two fragment shaders. Suppose that the code in the vertex shader will function correctly with both fragment shaders. I could simply create two different shader programs, reusing the OpenGL shader object containing the vertex shader. However, if the vertex shader has a lot of uniform variables, then every time that I switch between the two shader programs, I would (potentially) need to reset some or all of those uniform variables. This is because the uniform variables...

Introduction


In Chapter 1, Getting Started with GLSL, we covered the basics of compiling, linking, and exporting shader programs. In this chapter, we'll cover techniques for communication between shader programs and the host OpenGL program. To be more specific, we'll focus primarily on input. The input to shader programs is generally accomplished via attributes and uniform variables. In this chapter, we'll see several examples of the use of these types of variables. We'll also cover a recipe for mixing and matching shader program stages, and a recipe for creating a C++ shader program object.

We won't cover shader output in this chapter. Obviously, shader programs send their output to the default framebuffer, but there are several other techniques for receiving shader output. For example, the use of custom framebuffer objects allow us to store shader output to a texture or other buffer. A technique called transform feedback allows for the storage of vertex shader output into arbitrary buffers...

Sending data to a shader using vertex attributes and vertex buffer objects


The vertex shader is invoked once per vertex. Its main job is to process the data associated with the vertex, and pass it (and possibly other information) along to the next stage of the pipeline. In order to give our vertex shader something to work with, we must have some way of providing (per-vertex) input to the shader. Typically, this includes the vertex position, normal vector, and texture coordinates (among other things). In earlier versions of OpenGL (prior to 3.0), each piece of vertex information had a specific channel in the pipeline. It was provided to the shaders using functions such as glVertexglTexCoord, and glNormal (or within client vertex arrays using glVertexPointerglTexCoordPointer, or glNormalPointer). The shader would then access these values via built-in variables such as gl_Vertex and gl_Normal. This functionality was deprecated in OpenGL 3.0 and later removed. Instead, vertex information...

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Description

OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Third Edition provides easy-to-follow recipes that first walk you through the theory and background behind each technique, and then proceed to showcase and explain the GLSL and OpenGL code needed to implement them. The book begins by familiarizing you with beginner-level topics such as compiling and linking shader programs, saving and loading shader binaries (including SPIR-V), and using an OpenGL function loader library. We then proceed to cover basic lighting and shading effects. After that, you'll learn to use textures, produce shadows, and use geometry and tessellation shaders. Topics such as particle systems, screen-space ambient occlusion, deferred rendering, depth-based tessellation, and physically based rendering will help you tackle advanced topics. OpenGL 4 Shading Language Cookbook, Third Edition also covers advanced topics such as shadow techniques (including the two of the most common techniques: shadow maps and shadow volumes). You will learn how to use noise in shaders and how to use compute shaders. The book provides examples of modern shading techniques that can be used as a starting point for programmers to expand upon to produce modern, interactive, 3D computer-graphics applications.

Who is this book for?

If you are a graphics programmer looking to learn the GLSL shading language, this book is for you. A basic understanding of 3D graphics and programming experience with C++ are required.

What you will learn

  • Compile, debug, and communicate with shader programs
  • Use compute shaders for physics, animation, and general computing
  • Learn about features such as shader storage buffer objects and image load/store
  • Utilize noise in shaders and learn how to use shaders in animations
  • Use textures for various effects including cube maps for reflection or refraction
  • Understand physically based reflection models and the SPIR-V Shader binary
  • Learn how to create shadows using shadow maps or shadow volumes
  • Create particle systems that simulate smoke, fire, and other effects
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Table of Contents

12 Chapters
Getting Started with GLSL Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with GLSL Programs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Basics of GLSL Shaders Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Lighting and Shading Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Textures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Image Processing and Screen Space Techniques Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Geometry and Tessellation Shaders Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Shadows Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Noise in Shaders Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Particle Systems and Animation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Using Compute Shaders Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.6
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Jacqui Jan 02, 2021
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It helped a desperate student
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Mahmoud Zeidan Jan 04, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
We nice book for a lot of advanced topics.
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n.hiroshige Sep 26, 2021
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(追記)2023/01/06githubからダウンロードしたファイルに含まれるREADMEにはmakeの手順が書いてありますが、その通りに実施してもうまくいかなかったので、以下のようにしました。[主な相違点](1)glfwはコンパイル済みのライブラリをダウンロードしました(glfw-3.3.8.bin.WIN64)(2)Visual Studio 2022で、「空のプロジェクト」を作成し、必要なファイルを追加しました。 コンパイルエラー、リンクエラーが多数出ましたが、ヘッダファイルとライブラリのインクルード設定を適切に行い、まめにエラーを取ることで、Windows環境でサンプルプログラムを実行することができました。------------------------GLSLによるライティングや影などのグラフィカルな効果を実現するための「レシピ」が70件ほど記載されています。それぞれの「レシピ」は、理論、コード、コードの解説から構成されています。GLSLにデータを供給する側のOpenGLのコードとともにgithubにUPされているので、動作を確認しながら学習を進めることができます。実用的なテクニックを学ぶのに最適な本だと思います。・入門書ではないので、データ型とか、コメントの書き方などの文法事項の説明はありません。・「レシピ」は、前のレシピのコードを利用したりしていることがあるので、最初から順番に読んだ方が理解し易いと思います。・本文には、OpenGLのコードはあまり記載されていないので、本文とgithubからダウンロードしたコードの両方を見ながら学習しないと理解が難しいと思います。
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pedro torres jim Apr 18, 2021
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GREAT CONTENT BUT BEFORE BUYING KEEP IN MIND THAT PACKPUB ONLY PRINT GRAYSCALE SO CAN'T EXPECT COLOR IMAGES. AS THIS IS A GRAPHICAL BOOK AND WANT TO PRACTICE PROGRAMMING SOME GOOD RECIPES ON SHADERS THE IMAGE IS TOO DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE SO JUST DOWNLOAD THE APPENDIX
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Client d'Amazon May 29, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Très bon contenu pour ce livre, si vous voulez écrire des shaders GLSL performants et réalistes. Le livre est très complet. Toutefois, j'enlève une étoile pour la version Kindle, dont la mise en page laisse un peu à désirer.
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