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NW.js Essentials
NW.js Essentials

NW.js Essentials: Build native desktop applications for Windows, Mac OS, or Linux using the latest web technologies

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NW.js Essentials

Chapter 2. NW.js Native UI APIs

As we have seen in the first chapter, it is incredibly easy to build desktop applications out of a simple HTML page but, in order to really understand the power of NW.js, we have to push it a step further. We know that Node.js takes care of dealing with low-level system functionality while WebKit handles the window GUI and all the stuff you'd usually do in a web application, but there is still something missing.

In order to create a decent user experience, we need to give our users the feeling that they are dealing with a native desktop application with the ability to handle multiple windows, access the clipboard, or hide in the system tray. To sum up, our application needs to be fully integrated with the OS GUI.

This cannot be done by WebKit because of the API boundaries, nor can it be done by Node.js as it doesn't have access to the GUI, but fortunately, NW.js gives us the full thing, adding on top of the others a new layer of JavaScript...

The App API – the core of your applications

Eventually, we can dive deep into the actual code behind NW.js applications. The app API provides a useful set of functionalities, which you can leverage to access main information and events of your application. We shall start describing, one by one, all the functionalities provided.

Opening a file in your application natively

There are many ways to open files in an NW.js application; in this section, we're going to deal with the opening of binded file types. Let's say you're developing a text editor; you'd probably want .txt files to be associated with it.

Actually, the real binding is made on the packaging step described in Chapter 6, Packaging Your Application for Distribution, but to open a file using the OS functionality (for example, through the Open with contextual menu), we need to first be able to read the arguments passed when the application gets started.

As a matter of fact, when you choose to open a given...

The Window API – working with windows on NW.js

On NW.js, the Window API is nothing more than a wrapper of the DOM's window object giving an additional layer of functionality to play with the application windows. Many of the window methods described are inherited by the DOM window object. As we stated earlier, window is also an instance of Node.js EventEmitter giving you the ability to listen and respond to window events such as move or resize.

Instantiating a new window object

There are many ways to instantiate a window object. When you need to refer to the current window, all you have to do is to call the Window.get([window_object]) method leaving the attribute empty, as follows:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var currentWindow = gui.Window.get();

In order to instantiate a different window object, you can proceed with passing the DOM window object to it through the get method:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var extraWindow = gui.Window.get(
  window.open('window...

The Screen API – screen geometry functions

The Screen API has been lately added in order to better handle window sizing and positioning on single or multiple screens. Run the following code:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
gui.Screen.Init(); // Screen API is a Singleton
var screens = gui.Screen.screens;

You'll get an array of screen objects. Each screen object has the following structure:

screen {
  // unique id for a screen
  id : 69673536,

  // physical screen resolution
  bounds : {
    x : 0,
    y : 0,
    width : 1280,
    height : 800
  },

  // useable area within the screen bound
  work_area : {
    x : 0,
    y : 23,
    width : 1280,
    height : 773
  },
  scaleFactor : 1,
  isBuiltIn : false
}

You can easily access any of these properties in order to improve the user experience. Let's say, for example, that you want to position your window in the top-right corner of the screen. On Microsoft Windows, you would probably proceed as follows:

var gui = require...

The Menu API – handling window and context menus

In NW.js, menus can be used in three different contexts:

  • Contextual menus: This is displayed when right-clicking an element inside the application.
  • Window menus: On Microsoft Windows and Linux, you can have one per window; however, in Mac OS X, you can have one, which will be shown on the System taskbar, per application.
  • Tray icon menus: This is displayed when clicking on a tray icon usually on the right side of the OS taskbar.

In this chapter, we're going to deal with the first two contexts. For tray icon menus, the same basic rules apply, but refer to the Tray API section to learn more about it.

The contextual menu

In order to instance a new menu on NW.js, we should proceed as follows:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var menu = new gui.Menu();

Once the menu has been created, we have to append one or more MenuItem objects to it:

menu.append(new gui.MenuItem({
  label: 'Menu Item'
}));

We have three different types of menu...

File dialogs – opening and saving files

Before talking about file dialogs, I have to do a little introduction. It is probably obvious, but while in the browser, file dialogs allow you to upload or download files, in NW.js, they do nothing but pass the path of the selected folder or files. So, any following operation will be done on the original file, not on a copy.

WebKit enables you to open file dialogs through the file input field but with many limitations due to security concerns. In NW.js, those limitations have been removed, and the default file input fields have been enhanced in order to give a full native user experience.

A faster way to open a file dialog is to add an event listener to the file input field as follows:

<input id="fileDialog" type="file">
<script>
document.querySelector('#fileDialog')
  .addEventListener("change", function() {
    var filePath = this.value;
    alert(filePath);
  });
</script>

In the preceding...

The App API – the core of your applications


Eventually, we can dive deep into the actual code behind NW.js applications. The app API provides a useful set of functionalities, which you can leverage to access main information and events of your application. We shall start describing, one by one, all the functionalities provided.

Opening a file in your application natively

There are many ways to open files in an NW.js application; in this section, we're going to deal with the opening of binded file types. Let's say you're developing a text editor; you'd probably want .txt files to be associated with it.

Actually, the real binding is made on the packaging step described in Chapter 6, Packaging Your Application for Distribution, but to open a file using the OS functionality (for example, through the Open with contextual menu), we need to first be able to read the arguments passed when the application gets started.

As a matter of fact, when you choose to open a given file with an application, here...

The Window API – working with windows on NW.js


On NW.js, the Window API is nothing more than a wrapper of the DOM's window object giving an additional layer of functionality to play with the application windows. Many of the window methods described are inherited by the DOM window object. As we stated earlier, window is also an instance of Node.js EventEmitter giving you the ability to listen and respond to window events such as move or resize.

Instantiating a new window object

There are many ways to instantiate a window object. When you need to refer to the current window, all you have to do is to call the Window.get([window_object]) method leaving the attribute empty, as follows:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var currentWindow = gui.Window.get();

In order to instantiate a different window object, you can proceed with passing the DOM window object to it through the get method:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var extraWindow = gui.Window.get(
  window.open('window.html');
);

Otherwise, use the Window...

The Screen API – screen geometry functions


The Screen API has been lately added in order to better handle window sizing and positioning on single or multiple screens. Run the following code:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
gui.Screen.Init(); // Screen API is a Singleton
var screens = gui.Screen.screens;

You'll get an array of screen objects. Each screen object has the following structure:

screen {
  // unique id for a screen
  id : 69673536,

  // physical screen resolution
  bounds : {
    x : 0,
    y : 0,
    width : 1280,
    height : 800
  },

  // useable area within the screen bound
  work_area : {
    x : 0,
    y : 23,
    width : 1280,
    height : 773
  },
  scaleFactor : 1,
  isBuiltIn : false
}

You can easily access any of these properties in order to improve the user experience. Let's say, for example, that you want to position your window in the top-right corner of the screen. On Microsoft Windows, you would probably proceed as follows:

var gui = require('nw.gui'),
  currentWindow...

The Menu API – handling window and context menus


In NW.js, menus can be used in three different contexts:

  • Contextual menus: This is displayed when right-clicking an element inside the application.

  • Window menus: On Microsoft Windows and Linux, you can have one per window; however, in Mac OS X, you can have one, which will be shown on the System taskbar, per application.

  • Tray icon menus: This is displayed when clicking on a tray icon usually on the right side of the OS taskbar.

In this chapter, we're going to deal with the first two contexts. For tray icon menus, the same basic rules apply, but refer to the Tray API section to learn more about it.

The contextual menu

In order to instance a new menu on NW.js, we should proceed as follows:

var gui = require('nw.gui');
var menu = new gui.Menu();

Once the menu has been created, we have to append one or more MenuItem objects to it:

menu.append(new gui.MenuItem({
  label: 'Menu Item'
}));

We have three different types of menu items: normal (default value...

File dialogs – opening and saving files


Before talking about file dialogs, I have to do a little introduction. It is probably obvious, but while in the browser, file dialogs allow you to upload or download files, in NW.js, they do nothing but pass the path of the selected folder or files. So, any following operation will be done on the original file, not on a copy.

WebKit enables you to open file dialogs through the file input field but with many limitations due to security concerns. In NW.js, those limitations have been removed, and the default file input fields have been enhanced in order to give a full native user experience.

A faster way to open a file dialog is to add an event listener to the file input field as follows:

<input id="fileDialog" type="file">
<script>
document.querySelector('#fileDialog')
  .addEventListener("change", function() {
    var filePath = this.value;
    alert(filePath);
  });
</script>

In the preceding example, a default file input field will...

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Description

If you are an experienced Node.js developer who wants to create amazing desktop applications using NW.js, this is the book for you. Prior knowledge of HTML5, jQuery, and CSS is assumed.

Who is this book for?

If you are an experienced Node.js developer who wants to create amazing desktop applications using NW.js, this is the book for you. Prior knowledge of HTML5, jQuery, and CSS is assumed.

What you will learn

  • Develop a fully working NW.js desktop application from scratch
  • Take advantage of thirdparty tools to simplify the packaging process of NW.js applications
  • Create an astonishing user experience using Native UI APIs
  • Debug NW.js applications with Chromium DevTools, Crash dump log files, and thirdparty debugging tools
  • Package and deploy NW.js applications on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux
  • Take advantage of Browser Web APIs, expanding on data persistence solutions and security
  • Avoid common programming mistakes by integrating prior knowledge of Node.js with NW.js development
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Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : May 25, 2015
Length: 192 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785280863
Languages :

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Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
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Estimated delivery fee Deliver to India

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Product Details

Publication date : May 25, 2015
Length: 192 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781785280863
Languages :

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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
1. Meet NW.js Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. NW.js Native UI APIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Leveraging the Power of Node.js Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Data Persistence Solutions and Other Browser Web APIs Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Let's Put It All Together Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Packaging Your Application for Distribution Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Automated Packaging Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Let's Debug Your Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Taking Your Application to the Next Level Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.8
(5 Ratings)
5 star 80%
4 star 20%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
Pascal Jul 13, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Really enjoyed the book. If your are looking for a good crash course on NW.js this is your book. Cover all main aspects of working with NW.js and the pitfalls to avoid. Cover working with it on 3 platforms (Linux, OSX, Windows) and the little gotchas on each.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Nikolay Gechev Oct 27, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book is great for web developers. Many things nesesery to build desktop application are presented. Enaph to start project.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Julio Cezar Gonçalves de Freitas Aug 14, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book. Cover how to create graphical application in linux, windows and macos!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
PDG Dec 13, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book explains very well and in a progressive way how to develop desktop applications using web technologies and the NW.js framework. It's easy to read and to follow.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Josue Martinez Jul 10, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
This is a book that is helping me to understand how to build desktop application using Node.js , is awesome what you can build and how you can interact with the local system.I was looking for another option to build desktop applications, and i didn't what to use Java swing or .Net. Also this help me to understand how i can re-use some of the modules I already have for other Node.js application I already develop, so I'm happy because i didn't have to wite everything again, Nice and well explained book ,Thanks
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
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