Future directions in NLU technology and research
While the recent improvements in NLU technology based on transformers and LLMs, which we reviewed in Chapter 11, have resulted in very impressive capabilities, it is important to point out that there are many topics in NLU that are far from solved. In this section, we will look at some of the most active research areas – extending NLU to new languages, speech-to-speech translation, multimodal interaction, and avoiding bias.
Quickly extending NLU technologies to new languages
A precise count of the number of currently spoken languages is difficult to obtain. However, according to WorldData.info, there are currently about 6,500 languages spoken throughout the world (https://www.worlddata.info/languages/index.php#:~:text=There%20are%20currently%20around%206%2C500,of%20Asia%2C%20Australia%20and%20Oceania). Some languages, such as Mandarin, English, Spanish, and Hindi, are spoken by many millions of people, while other languages...