Finding the equilibrium state of a physical system by minimizing its potential energy

In this recipe, we will give an application example of the function minimization algorithms described earlier. We will try to numerically find the equilibrium state of a physical system by minimizing its potential energy.

More specifically, we'll consider a structure made of masses and springs, attached to a vertical wall and subject to gravity. Starting from an initial position, we'll search for the equilibrium configuration where the gravity and elastic forces compensate.

How to do it…

1. Let's import NumPy, SciPy, and matplotlib:

   In [1]: import numpy as np
           import scipy.optimize as opt
           import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
           %matplotlib inline

2. We define a few constants in the International System of Units:

   In [2]: g = 9.81  # gravity of Earth
           m = .1  # mass, in kg
           n = 20  # number of masses
           e = .1  # initial distance between the masses
           l =...