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End-to-End Web Testing with Cypress
End-to-End Web Testing with Cypress

End-to-End Web Testing with Cypress: Explore techniques for automated frontend web testing with Cypress and JavaScript

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End-to-End Web Testing with Cypress

Chapter 1: Installing and Setting Up Cypress

Cypress is an end-to-end test automation framework built and engineered for modern web applications. It focuses on eliminating inconsistencies in tests by ensuring that you can write, debug, and run tests on the browser without needing additional configuration or additional packages. Cypress works as a standalone application and can be installed on macOS, Unix/Linux, and Windows operating systems either using Hyphenate applications or command-line tools. Cypress was mainly built for developers who write their applications using JavaScript because it can be used to test all applications that run on a browser. In this chapter, we are going to cover the following topics:

  • Installing Cypress on Windows
  • Installing Cypress on macOS
  • Installing Cypress via direct download
  • Opening the Cypress test runner
  • Switching Cypress browsers
  • Adding npm scripts
  • Running Cypress tests

By the end of this chapter, you will...

Technical requirements

Cypress can be installed as a standalone application on your computer and can be run on a machine that has at least 2 GB of RAM and that meets any of the following operating system requirements:

  • macOS 10.9 and above (64-bit only)
  • Linux Ubuntu 12.04 and above, Fedora 21, and Debian 8 (64-bit only)
  • Windows 7 and above

In order to use Cypress on one of the operating systems listed here, Node.js 8 or above must be installed first. Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment that allows JavaScript code to be run outside the browser. Installing Node.js installs npm, which allows us to install JavaScript packages from https://www.npmjs.com/. npm is the default package manager for Node.js, and users can either use it or use third-party package managers such as Yarn. In this section, we will install Cypress on both macOS and Windows operating systems.

Installing Cypress on Windows

In this section, we will install Cypress and Node.js on Windows operating systems so that we can run our tests.

Downloading and installing Node.js

The following steps will guide you through the installation of Node.js:

  1. Visit the official Node.js website (https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
  2. Select the Windows installer option.
  3. Download the installer package.
  4. Install the Node.js package by following the instructions on the Node.js website.

Next, let's initialize the project.

Initializing the project

As a best practice, Cypress is installed in the directory where the project is located; that way, we can be sure that the Cypress tests belong to the project. In our case, we will create a folder inside Documents and call it cypress-tests, then navigate to that directory when installing Cypress. We can use the following commands in a Windows PowerShell terminal to create the cypress-tests directory and navigate to it...

Installing Cypress on MacOS

In this section, I will be using a macOS machine to install both Cypress and Node.js. By the end of this section, you will have learned how to initialize an empty JavaScript project and also how to add the Cypress testing framework to macOS. We will also dive into how we can use either npm, Yarn, or direct Cypress downloads in our projects.

Installing Node.js

The following steps will guide you through the installation of Node.js:

  1. Visit the official Node.js website (https://nodejs.org/en/download/).
  2. Select the macOS installer option.
  3. Download the installer package.
  4. Install the Node.js package following the instructions on the Node.js website.

Next, let's initialize the project.

Initializing the project

To install Cypress, we need to navigate to the project folder and install it where we want the Cypress tests to be located. In our case, we will create a folder inside Documents and call it cypress-tests, then navigate...

Opening Cypress

Installing Cypress is the first step on the journey of writing end-to-end tests; now, we need to learn how to use the tools that Cypress provides to run the tests using both the graphical user interface and the dashboards. There are four ways to run the Cypress executable that has been installed on your machine. After opening Cypress, you should then see the Cypress test runner. No matter which way you open Cypress, the test runner dashboard that you are presented with is the same. The following sections detail the different ways to open and run Cypress.

Running with Npx

npx is used to execute npm package binaries and comes with all npm versions from version 5.2. Npx can also be installed using npm from npmjs.com. To run Cypress using npx, you need to run the following command:

 npx cypress open

Running with Yarn

If Cypress was installed using Yarn, you can then open Cypress using the following command:

Yarn run cypress open

Running with the node...

Switching browsers

Cypress comes with Electron as the default browser on installation, but it can also integrate with other compatible browsers that contain the Chromium project, with the exception of Firefox. Currently, Cypress supports Firefox browsers Chrome browsers, Chromium, and Edge browsers. When launching Cypress, it will automatically find all the compatible browsers on the running machine and you will be able to switch between any of the browsers at any time using the test runner. To switch from one browser to another, you will need to click on the browser button at the top right and choose an alternative browser from the drop-down link.

Cypress tests can also be run or opened on different browsers using the command line, and this can be achieved by specifying the browser while opening the Cypress test runner or running the Cypress tests. All Chromium-based browsers, Edge, and Firefox can be launched using the command line with the following command:

$ cypress run...

Adding npm scripts

scripts is a package.json property that gives a user the ability to run commands via the command line in JavaScript applications. npm scripts can be used to add environment variables to the properties of an application, package applications into production-ready bundles, run tests, or automate any other activity in JavaScript applications. npm scripts can either be used as defined by npmjs.com or customized based on the user's preferences and applications. In this section, we will learn how to write npm scripts to run our Cypress tests, to open our Cypress tests, and even to combine different npm scripts to achieve different results.

Opening a Cypress command script

To create a scripts command to open Cypress, you need to write the script name then add the command that npm will run when the script is executed. In this case, our command to open Cypress will be embedded in a script called open. We can achieve this by adding the following command to the scripts...

Running Cypress tests

In this section, we will focus on how we can run Cypress tests on the browser. To do this, we will write test scripts that can run the tests similarly to opening Cypress scripts:

"scripts": {
"test:chrome": "cypress run –browser chrome",
"test:firefox": "cypress run –browser firefox" 
}

The preceding scripts will be used to run tests either in the Chrome browser or in the Firefox browser depending on what command the user runs on their command-line terminal. To execute the tests, you can either run npm run test:chrome to run the tests in Chrome or npm run test:firefox to execute the tests in Firefox. The first section of the command instructs Cypress to run the tests in headless mode, while the second section instructs Cypress which browser to run the tests in. Running Cypress tests is not limited to only Chrome and Firefox and can be extended to any browsers that Cypress supports, with the...

Summary

In this chapter, we learned about installing Cypress both on Windows and on Mac operating systems. With both installations, we covered installing Cypress as a downloaded application or via the command line. We also covered using either the default package manager that comes with Node.js (npm) or third-party dependency managers such as Yarn. We learned how to utilize the test runner to run our tests and also how to automate our scripts in package.json to help us run our tests effectively. To test our knowledge, we also had an exercise where we practiced running tests in different Cypress browsers.

In the next chapter, we will be diving into the differences between Selenium and Cypress and why Cypress should be the preferred choice. We will be building further on the understanding of Cypress that we have gained in this chapter.

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Key benefits

  • Write your first end-to-end test and find out how to modernize your testing environment
  • Execute test-driven web development and cross-browser testing using Cypress
  • Discover the advantages of using Cypress over Selenium and refactor testing for modern web apps

Description

Cypress is a modern test automation framework for web-based frontend apps. Learning Cypress will help you overcome the shortcomings of conventional testing solutions such as dependency graph problems, the steep learning curve in setting up end-to-end testing packages, and difficulties in writing explicit time waits for your tests. In End-to-End Web Testing with Cypress, you’ll learn how to use different Cypress tools, including time travel, snapshots, errors, and console output, to write fail-safe and non-flaky tests. You’ll discover techniques for performing test-driven development (TDD) with Cypress and write cross-browser tests for your web applications. As you advance, you’ll implement tests for a sample application and work with a variety of tools and features within the Cypress ecosystem. Finally, this Cypress book will help you grasp advanced testing concepts such as visual testing and networking. By the end of this book, you’ll have the skills you need to be able to set up Cypress for any web app and understand how to use it to its full potential.

Who is this book for?

This book is for automation testing professionals, software and web testers, and frontend web developers who have intermediate-level JavaScript and beginner-level test automation knowledge, as well as for complete beginners who are looking to get started with Cypress and learn how it works. You’ll also find this book useful if you are a Selenium tester who wants to migrate to Cypress and leverage its capabilities. An intermediate-level understanding of JavaScript programming and beginner-level knowledge of web testing are required.

What you will learn

  • Get to grips with Cypress and understand its advantages over Selenium
  • Explore common Cypress commands, tools, and techniques for writing complete tests for web apps
  • Set up and configure Cypress for cross-browser testing
  • Understand how to work with elements and animation to write non-flaky tests
  • Discover techniques for implementing and handling navigation requests in tests
  • Implement visual regression tests with Applitools eyes
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Table of Contents

16 Chapters
Section 1: Cypress as an End-to-End Testing Solution for Frontend Applications Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 1: Installing and Setting Up Cypress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 2: Differences between Selenium WebDriver and Cypress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 3: Working with Cypress Command-Line Tools Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 4: Writing Your First Test Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 5: Debugging Cypress Tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Automated Tests with the TDD Approach Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 6: Writing Cypress Tests Using the TDD approach Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 7: Understanding Element Interaction in Cypress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 8: Understanding Variables and Aliases in Cypress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 9: Advanced Uses of Cypress Test Runner Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Automated Testing for Your Web Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 10: Exercise – Navigation and Network Requests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 11: Exercise – Stubbing and Spying XHR Requests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Chapter 12: Visual Testing in Cypress Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Mona Nashed Mar 05, 2021
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It's an extremely helpful and well-organized book which covers all the important concepts of end to end web testing with Cypress.
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Priya Karir Feb 25, 2021
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It's a good book for end to end web testing with Cypress. It covers all the important concepts.
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Vaibhav Joshi Apr 15, 2022
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An excellent book to begin the journey into Cypress Test automation. There is a great deal of information on the web but sometimes becomes more difficult to follow. I am pleased to have found this book, I could follow code implementation examples easily. In addition, this book also covers subjects advanced in Cypress which is quite useful to become a pro in this subject.
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Nathaniel Richards Mar 16, 2021
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This book definitely has a lot of good information on testing and even though I'm not using cypress at work, It's still great to know for any other projects
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houssem Feb 03, 2021
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I like everything about this book.
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