JDBC (short for Java Database Connectivity). The JDBC API defines how we can access the data stored in a relational database. A JDBC driver is the implementation of the JDBC API for a specific type of database. For example, com.mysql.jdbc.Driver is the driver class name for the MySQL database and org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver is the driver class name for HSQLDB, a relational database written in pure Java. Spring JDBC is an abstraction layer provided by Spring above the JDBC API to make it easier for us to interact with the database.
JPA (short for Java Persistence API). It defines a Java standard approach for Java objects persistence, using an object-relational mapping (ORM) mechanism to bridge the gap between an object-oriented model and the data stored a relational database. Hibernate ORM is the most popular implementation of JPA standard. Besides the standard...