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Expert Cube Development with SSAS Multidimensional Models
Expert Cube Development with SSAS Multidimensional Models

Expert Cube Development with SSAS Multidimensional Models: For Analysis Service cube designers this is the hands-on tutorial that will take your expertise to a whole new level. Written by a team of Microsoft SSAS experts, it digs deep to optimize your Business Intelligence capabilities.

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Expert Cube Development with SSAS Multidimensional Models

Chapter 2. Building Basic Dimensions and Cubes

Having prepared our relational source data, we're now ready to start designing a cube and some dimensions. This chapter covers the steps you need to go through in order to create simple dimensions and cubes, and although you may be confident that you know how to do this already, we encourage you to read through this chapter nonetheless. You may be familiar with the overall process, but some of the detailed recommendations that we make may be new to you, and they could save you a lot of time and effort later on in your project.

In this chapter, we'll be taking a look at the following topics:

  • Creating Data Sources and Data Source Views

  • Creating dimensions, setting up user hierarchies, and configuring attribute relationships

  • Creating a simple cube

  • Deployment and processing

From a methodology point of view, this chapter represents the creation of the first draft of your cube. In subsequent chapters, we'll look at how you tackle the more advanced modeling...

Multidimensional and Tabular models


As mentioned in the introduction, this book only concerns itself with Analysis Services Multidimensional models. With Analysis Services 2012, however, there is a second type of Analysis Services: Tabular models. Analysis Services Tabular models do much the same thing as Analysis Services Multidimensional models—an end user would probably not be able to tell if they were querying one type or the other—but the development experience and the underlying technology of the two types of models are very different.

The development experience for Analysis Services Tabular models is very similar to that of Power Pivot: the basic concepts are relational, you load data into tables and you create relationships between tables; there's a big contrast between this and the world of dimensions, attributes, measure groups, and cubes that we'll encounter in this book. The approach the Tabular model takes makes it very easy to create simple models, but arguably makes it harder...

Choosing an edition of Analysis Services


Before we start developing with Analysis Services, we need a clear idea of which edition of Analysis Services we're going to be developing for. There are three choices: Standard Edition, which is the cheapest but is missing some features; and BI Edition and Enterprise Edition, which are more expensive, but feature-complete. The only difference between BI Edition and Enterprise Edition, as far as Analysis Services Multidimensional goes, is that BI Edition is licensed on a server and Client Access License (CAL) model, whereas Enterprise Edition is licensed on a per-core model. The licensing cost is likely to be the major factor in the decision about which edition to choose. If money is no object, then you should use Enterprise Edition or BI Edition.

If money is an issue, then you'll just have to live with the limitations of Standard Edition. Of course, if we install Analysis Services on a server that already has SQL Server installed, then there are no...

Setting up a new Analysis Services project


The first step towards creating a new cube is to create a new Analysis Services project in SSDT. Immediately after doing this, we strongly recommend putting your new project into source control. It's easy to forget to do this, or not bother, because building a cube doesn't seem like a traditional development project, but you'll be glad that you did it when you receive your first request to rollback a change to a complex MDX calculation.

As you're probably aware, there are two ways of working with Analysis Services projects in SSDT:

  • Project mode: This is where you work with a local Visual Studio project and deploy to your Analysis Services server only when you're happy with all the changes you've made

  • Online mode: This is where you edit your Analysis Services database live on the server and commit changes every time you click on the Save button

You'll only be able to use source control software effectively if you work in the project mode. Therefore...

Creating data sources


Once we've created a new project and configured it appropriately, the next step is to create a data source object. Even though you can create multiple data sources in a project, you probably shouldn't. If you've read the previous chapter, then you'll know that we recommend that all of the data needed for your cube should already be present in a single data mart.

You are then faced with the choice of which OLE DB provider to use, since there are often several different options for any given relational database. For SQL Server data sources, you have the option of using the SQLClient .NET data provider, the Microsoft OLE DB provider for SQL Server and the SQL Server Native Client (often referred to as SNAC). You should always choose the SQL Server Native Client since it offers the best performance. For Oracle data sources, the choice is more complicated since, even though Oracle is a supported data source for Analysis Services, there is a long list of bugs and issues. Some...

Creating Data Source Views


In an ideal world, if you've followed all of our recommendations so far, then you need to do very little work in your project's Data Source View (DSV)—nothing more than selecting the views representing the dimension and fact tables and setting up any joins between the tables that weren't detected automatically. Of course, in the real world, you have to compromise your design sometimes and that's where a lot of the functionality available in Data Source Views comes in useful.

When you first create a new DSV, the easiest thing to do is to go through all of the steps of the wizard, but not to select any tables yet. You can then set some useful properties on the DSV, which will make the process of adding new tables and relationships much easier. In order to find them, right-click on some blank space in the diagram pane and click on Properties. They are:

  • RetrieveRelationships: By default, this is set to True, which means that SSDT will add relationships between tables...

Designing simple dimensions


Next, let's build some dimensions. As this is one of the more complicated steps in the cube design process, it's a topic we'll return to again in the future chapters when we need to deal with more advanced modeling scenarios. Right now, we'll concentrate on the fundamentals of dimension design.

Using the New Dimension wizard

Running the New Dimension wizard will give you the first draft of your dimension, something you'll then be able to tweak and tidy up in the Dimension Editor afterwards. The first question you'll be asked, in the Select Creation Method step is how you want to create the new dimension and there are effectively the following two choices:

  • Create the dimension from an existing table or view in your data source (the Use an existing table option)

  • Have SSDT create a dimension automatically for you and optionally fill it with data (the other three options)

The Select Creation Method step of the New Dimension wizard is shown in the following screenshot:

In...

Building a simple cube


With some dimensions built, the next step is to run the cube wizard to create the cube itself. Remember that at this stage, all we want to do is build a very simple cube so that we can test-drive the data, so we're not going to do anything other than run the wizard. You'll be doing a lot of work in the Cube Editor in the next stage of development, but if you've set up the DSV in the way we recommend, then you'll find that when you've finished running the wizard, you will have something that you can deploy, process and browse immediately with no changes required.

Using the New Cube wizard

On the Select Creation Method step of the wizard, as with the same step of the New Dimension wizard, choose the Use an existing table option—the Create an Empty Cube and the Generate Tables in the Data Source options can be ignored for now. The former is useful in more advanced scenarios, but regarding the latter, we'll repeat what we said earlier: you should model your data properly...

Summary


With processing complete, you can take a look at your cube for the first time, either in the Browser tab of the Cube Editor or in your client tool of choice. Now is a good time to reflect on what we've seen of the cube development process so far. We've created a very basic cube from a single fact table and a few dimensions rather than attempting to build something more complex. This has allowed us to get a feel for our data and have something to show our users quickly so that they can check if we're on the right track. We then built a single Data Source and Data Source View. Since we spent time getting our data modeling right earlier, there was very little to do here other than connect to our data warehouse and select the tables or views we want to work with. Next, we built a few of the less complex dimensions we need, configuring attribute relationships and creating user hierarchies as necessary. Finally, we ran the New Cube wizard to build our basic cube, then deployed and processed...

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Designing the Data Warehouse for Analysis Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building Basic Dimensions and Cubes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Designing More Complex Dimensions Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Measures and Measure Groups Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Transactional-Level Data Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Adding Calculations to the Cube Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Adding Currency Conversion Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Query Performance Tuning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Securing the Cube Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Going in Production Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Cube Performance and Usage Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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4 star 21.1%
3 star 5.3%
2 star 5.3%
1 star 0%
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Rick Oller Jul 30, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Expert Cube Development with SSAS Multidimensional Models is a thorough, in-depth tour of SSAS 2012 from the Multidimensional models perspective. The authors state up front that this is not a book about SSAS Tabular models and this is an important distinction to keep in mind, as it affects the entire approach to SQL Server BI, from the installation of SSAS forward.We are taken through a basic cube setup, mercifully not using the Northwinds sample database. I like how the authors repeatedly caution that a number of key elements need to be gotten right in the data mart before cube setup begins. While these elements can also be dealt with in the cube definition, it doesn’t mean they should be, and that distinction is borne out by experience, which the authors clearly have, in spades.We are presented with a number of useful components of SSAS Multidimensional Models including Measure Groups, Drillthroughs, Calculations (with a smattering of MDX code, about as much as I could handle) and some useful chapters on security and performance tuning.I was relieved that this was not a 1,000+ page book designed to monopolize shelf space in the tradition of old school technical book publishing. For me, it struck a good balance between level of detail and keeping things moving, so I was able to productively work through it in a reasonable amount of time. For a fairly dry topic the authors managed to keep it interesting, although it helps as a reader if you have some cube exposure (as I did) prior to attempting this book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
A strict customer Jan 14, 2017
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Yes, this is a great book. Very thorough, packed with knowledge. This is quality you'd expect from Chris Webb, the guy that knows SSAS throughout.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Philippe Geiger May 25, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
First, the authors are not unknown, it is the best experts in their field. Chris Webb, Alberto Ferrari, and Marco Russo are known for their decision-making skills.Then, the content of the book is at the height of the quality of these authors: in a Word, perfect. When many books introduce basic information for who want to begin to create a cube, this one goes further: the examples are well chosen and sufficiently complete.In a few words, it's the book that anyone must have (like me) to improve the functioning of their multidimensional models.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Brian Alan Carlson Jan 24, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I've been impressing my coworkers with my knowledge of cube development from reading this book. It's not a beginner book, but it's clear enough that you don't need a lot of experience either.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sherry Li Jun 15, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Expert Cube Development with SSAS 2012 Multidimensional Models was published earlier this year by Packt Publishing. It’s the second edition of the very successful book on SSAS cube development by three well-known industry leaders, Chris Webb, Alberto Ferrari and Marco Russo.This book is not a tutorial book on using SSAS as a tool. It is more of a guided tour through the lifecycle of building an Analysis Services solution with an informed commentary telling you what to do, what not to do, and what to look out for.Reading this book cover to coverIf you are a SSAS cube developer, you would want to read this book cover to cover, no matter what level you are, with the exception of absolute beginners who do not understand basic Analysis Services concepts yet, such as what a cube and a dimension is.I bought the first edition a few years ago, but didn't read it cover to cover because at the time I didn't find some of the topics relevant to my work. Earlier this year I bought the second edition and I found myself unable to put the book down. By the time I knew it, I had already read it cover to cover once, with pages of notes in Microsoft OneNote. Knowing that my cube development skills could have progressed much faster, I wish I had read the book a few years ago cover to cover.So don’t repeat the same mistake I made. Whether you already have the first edition or just bought the new 2012 edition, go ahead and start reading it now.What I enjoyed about the bookI don't wish to spoil your fun with the book, so I'll just gloss over a few key points about the book.1. Beginner developers might think that cube development is all about how to use SSAS as yet another tool. This book will change your mind. The big chunk of Chapter 1 focused on the data modeling for Analysis Services. Then the book moved on to Chapter 2 to show you how to build basic dimensions and cubes. More complex dimension modeling is covered in Chapter 3. Data modeling for measures and measure groups is covered in Chapter 4. What I enjoyed the most is how the book presented the challenges we all encountered in our day-to-day work and provided the best practices in terms of data modeling in Analysis Services multidimensional model.2. Microsoft Analysis Services is not a standalone technology, it's part of a family of technologies and disciplines that all work together to make it possible for end-users to do interactive data analysis, reporting, and visualization. From a developer's point of view, these technologies include the SQL Server engine, the Reporting Services, the Analysis Services, with the Integration Services in the middle as the glue. The disciplines include, but are not limited to, data warehouse data modeling, multidimensional modeling, and designing and implementation for performance and good user experience. I personally find that being able to fit all these techniques and disciplines together in the lifecycle of building an Analysis Services solution is not an easy task. Throughout the book the authors did a fantastic job of showing how each technique and discipline can fit seamlessly to build high performance cubes.3. As a tool, Analysis Services is very easy to use; some might say too easy. Dimensions and cubes are built with various wizards with properties already being filled with default values. You can have a cube up and running in a matter of minutes. Some properties are for cube's client tools to consume, but many of the properties are cube's metadata and will end up having some impact on the cube processing performance, query performance, and/or storage engine performance. Assuming that your cube has started its life with a good design, then a good portion of a cube developer's job is to understand what those impacts are and to make informed trade-off decisions. This book is a life-saving book that tells you what those properties mean, what to do with them, what not to do, and what to watch out for.4. Bad cube query performance can be detrimental for your Analysis Services projects. The book has devoted an entire Chapter 8 to query performance tuning. The concept of query performance tuning is very familiar to SQL Server developers, but cube query performance tuning methodology has its own twist and turns, such as the Formula Engine vs. the Storage Engine, the partitions and aggregations, and tuning an algorithm in MDX. The book explains in detail what to do with each methodology and even the right tools and scripts to use to get the job done correctly.5. I also like the many links in the book to other very detailed white papers, such as "The Analysis Services 2008 R2 Performance Guide", and "The Many-to-Many Revolution". Many blog posts are also included in the book, such as the blog posts from Mosha Pasumansky who was considered the most influential person in MDX.No covering of SSAS Tabular modelsAs you may know, as of SQL Server 2012, there are two versions of Analysis Services: Multidimensional and Tabular. Although both of them are called Analysis Services and can be used for much the same purposes, the development experience for the two is completely different.I have bought the first edition a few years ago. Although this is basically the same book as the first edition, I still went ahead and bought it because the 2012 edition has a new section that talks about the DAX query support in SSAS 2012 multidimensional model. Don't get me wrong, this book only covers SSAS Multidimensional models. But it's nice to have a new section on how SSAS 2012 multidimensional model supports not only MDX queries, but also DAX queries.No substantial changes in this second editionSince there are no substantial changes in this second edition, it’s probably not worth buying a copy of the second edition if you already have a copy of the first edition. What is covered in the first edition should work perfectly fine in SSAS 2008 and 2012, and even in 2014. This is because Microsoft has not added anything that is substantially new to SSAS Multidimensional models since the 2008 version. But if you don't have the 2008 edition, I'd recommend you to buy this new 2012 edition, even if you are still working on cubes in SSAS 2008.Not a book for absolute beginnersIf you still need to understand basic Analysis Services concepts, such as what a cube and a dimension is, then this book is not book for you. This book does not take the form of a basic tutorial either.Authors’ personal experience and thoughts are invaluableChris Webb, Alberto Ferrari, and Marco Russo are well-known in the SSAS and MDX community. This is an invaluable book because it contains their personal experience and thoughts. I myself visit Microsoft books online (BOL) very often. But if a book is solely derived from BOL then it is not too useful for me, as I can read it in the BOL myself. I am putting this review on my blog, and also planning to put it out on Amazon and Barnes and Nobel, hoping that all cube developers will read the book cove to cover.Packt PublishingPackt Publishing is one of my favorite tech book publishers. Their books focus on practicality, recognizing that readers are ultimately concerned with getting the job done. They also offer a subscription service, which I personally also use. Good job for putting out "Expert Cube Development with SSAS 2012"!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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