SQL Databases

These are the row-oriented type of databases. Here, each row of the database is a record. A collection of columns forms a record and is stored in a structure called a table. These collections of tables form the database.

These databases are accessed using SQL. It was developed by two IBM software researchers in the 1970s and it became more and more dominant in the field after that due to its straightforward, understandable syntax, ease of learning, and fewer lines of code being required to use complex functionalities:

Figure 5.2: User database interaction through SQL

In the preceding diagram, user database interaction through SQL is demonstrated, where the efficacy of the SQL architecture to deal with "structured data" is quite visible.

SQL databases work on Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (ACID) properties, which guarantees strong consistencies and isolated transaction behavior. These are crucial while designing...