Modules and packages

Now that we know how to create classes and instantiate objects, it is time to think about organizing them. For small programs, we can just put all our classes into one file and put some code at the end of the file to start them interacting. However, as our projects grow, it can become difficult to find one class that needs to be edited among the many classes we've defined. This is where modules come in. Modules are simply Python files, nothing more. The single file in our small program is a module. Two Python files are two modules. If we have two files in the same folder, we can load a class from one module for use in the other module.

For example, if we are building an e-commerce system, we will likely be storing a lot of data in a database. We can put all the classes and functions related to database access into a separate file (we'll call it something sensible: database.py). Then our other modules (for example: customer models, product information, and inventory) can...