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Hands-On Neural Networks with Keras

You're reading from   Hands-On Neural Networks with Keras Design and create neural networks using deep learning and artificial intelligence principles

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Product type Paperback
Published in Mar 2019
Publisher Packt
ISBN-13 9781789536089
Length 462 pages
Edition 1st Edition
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Author (1):
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Niloy Purkait Niloy Purkait
Author Profile Icon Niloy Purkait
Niloy Purkait
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Table of Contents (16) Chapters Close

Preface 1. Section 1: Fundamentals of Neural Networks FREE CHAPTER
2. Overview of Neural Networks 3. A Deeper Dive into Neural Networks 4. Signal Processing - Data Analysis with Neural Networks 5. Section 2: Advanced Neural Network Architectures
6. Convolutional Neural Networks 7. Recurrent Neural Networks 8. Long Short-Term Memory Networks 9. Reinforcement Learning with Deep Q-Networks 10. Section 3: Hybrid Model Architecture
11. Autoencoders 12. Generative Networks 13. Section 4: Road Ahead
14. Contemplating Present and Future Developments 15. Other Books You May Enjoy

Backpropagation through time

Essentially, we are backpropagating our errors through several time steps, reflecting the length of a sequence. As we know, the first thing we need to have to be able to backpropagate our errors is a loss function. We can use any variation of the cross-entropy loss, depending on whether we are performing a binary task per sequence (that is, entity or not, per word à binary cross-entropy) or a categorical one (that is, the next word out of the category of words in our vocabulary à categorical cross entropy). The loss function here computes the cross-entropy loss between a predicted output and actual value (y), at time step, t:

( log - [ (1-

This function essentially lets us perform an element-wise loss computation of each predicted and actual output, at each time step for our recurrent layer. Hence, we generate a loss value at each prediction...

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