Serverless Kubernetes in the cloud
All the major cloud providers now supports serverless long-running services for Kubernetes. Surprisingly, Microsoft Azure was the first to offer this. Kubernetes interacts with nodes via the kubelet. The basic idea of serverless infrastructure is that instead of provisioning actual nodes (be they physical or on virtual machines (VMs)), a virtual node is created in some fashion. Different cloud providers use different solutions to accomplish this goal.
Don't forget the cluster autoscaler
Before jumping into cloud provider-specific solutions, make sure to check out the Kubernetes-native option of the cluster autoscaler. The cluster autoscaler scales the nodes in your cluster and doesn't suffer from the limitations of some of the other solutions. All the Kubernetes scheduling and control mechanisms work out of the box with the cluster autoscaler because it just automates adding and removing regular nodes from your cluster. No exotic...