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Hands-On One-shot Learning with Python
Hands-On One-shot Learning with Python

Hands-On One-shot Learning with Python: Learn to implement fast and accurate deep learning models with fewer training samples using PyTorch

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Hands-On One-shot Learning with Python

Introduction to One-shot Learning

Humans can learn new things with a small set of examples. When presented with stimuli, humans seem to be able to understand new concepts quickly and then recognize variations of those concepts in the future. A child can learn to recognize a dog from a single picture, but a machine learning system needs a lot of examples to learn the features of a dog and recognize them in the future. Machine learning, as a field, has been highly successful at a variety of tasks, such as classification and web searching, as well as image and speech recognition. Often, however, these models do not perform well without a large amount of data (examples) to learn from. The primary motivation behind this book is to train a model with very few examples that is capable of generalizing to unfamiliar categories without extensive retraining.

Deep learning has played an important...

Technical requirements

The human brain – overview

The human brain has been a subject of research since the beginning of civilization. If we look into the development of a child, we will observe that as they grow, their ability to learn also grows. First, they learn about food, then they learn to identify faces. Every time a child learns something, information is encoded into some portion of the brain. Still, the real question remains, how does information get stored in our brains? Why is some information hardcoded, yet other information is easily forgotten?

How the human brain learns

Most of the information on how the brain trains itself to process data is unknown, but there are various theories that explore it. If we look into the structure...

Machine learning – historical overview

Machine learning is a program that, given a task (loss function), learns through experience (training data). With experience, that program learns to perform the given task to a desirable standard. During the 1960s, machine learning was majorly focused on creating different forms of data preprocessing filters. With the introduction of image filters, the focus then shifted toward computer vision, and major research work was undertaken in this domain during the 1990s and 2000s. After some stability in terms of traditional machine learning algorithms being developed, researchers moved to the probabilistic domain, as it became more promising with the introduction of high-dimensional data. Deep learning bloomed when it won the ImageNet Challenge in 2012, and has since taken on an important role in the field of data science.

Machine learning...

One-shot learning – overview

One-shot learning can be seen as an approach to train machines in a way that is similar to how humans learn. One-shot learning is an approach to learn a new task using limited supervised data with the help of strong prior knowledge. The first work published that resulted in high accuracy for the image classification problem dates back to the 2000s by Dr. Fei Fei Li—although, in recent years, researchers have made good progress tackling it through different deep learning architectures and optimization algorithms, such as matching networks, model agnostic meta-learning, and memory-augmented neural networks. One-shot learning has a lot of applications in several industriesthe medical and manufacturing industries in particular. In medicine, we can use one-shot learning when there is limited data available, for example, when working...

Setting up your environment

In this section, we will set up a virtual environment for our coding exercise and questions using the following steps:

  1. Clone the repository by going into the directory of your choice and running the following command in the Git Bash command line:
git clone https://github.com/Packt-Publishing/Hands-on-One-Shot-Learning.git
  1. Go to the Chapter01 directory of the cloned repository:
cd Hands-on-One-Shot-Learning/Chapter01
  1. Then, open a Terminal and use the following command to install Anaconda for Python, version 3.6 (https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/), and create a virtual environment:
conda create --name environment_name python=3.6
In steps 3 and 4, you can replace environment_name with an easy name to remember, such as one_shot, or a name of your choice.
  1. Activate the environment using the following command:
source activate environment_name...

Coding exercise

In this section, we will explore a basic one-shot learning approach. As humans, we have a hierarchical way of thinking. For example, if we see something unknown to us, we look for its similarity to objects we already know. Similarly, in this exercise, we will use a nonparametric kNN approach to find classes. We will also compare its performance to the basic neural network architecture.

kNN – basic one-shot learning

In this exercise, we will compare kNN to neural networks where we have a small dataset. We will be using the iris dataset imported from the scikit-learn library.

To begin, we will first discuss the basics of kNN. The kNN classifier is a nonparametric classifier that simply stores the training...

Summary

Deep learning has revolutionized the field of data science and it is still making progress, but there are still major industries that are yet to experience all of the advantages of deep learning, such as the medical and manufacturing industries. The zenith of human achievement will be to create a machine that can learn as humans do and that can become an expert in the same way humans can. Successful deep learning, though, usually comes with the prerequisite of having very large datasets to work from. Fortunately, this book focuses on architectures that can do away with this prerequisite.

In this chapter, we learned about the human brain and how the structure of an artificial neural network is close to the structure of our brain. We introduced the basic concepts of machine learning and deep learning, along with their challenges. We also discussed one-shot learning and its...

Questions

  • Why does a kNN work better than a newly trained artificial neural network for a one-shot learning task?
  • What are nonparametric machine learning algorithms?
  • Are decision trees a parametric or nonparametric algorithm?
  • Experiment with other classification algorithms as a coding exercise and compare the results.
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Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Learn how you can speed up the deep learning process with one-shot learning
  • Use Python and PyTorch to build state-of-the-art one-shot learning models
  • Explore architectures such as Siamese networks, memory-augmented neural networks, model-agnostic meta-learning, and discriminative k-shot learning

Description

One-shot learning has been an active field of research for scientists trying to develop a cognitive machine that mimics human learning. With this book, you'll explore key approaches to one-shot learning, such as metrics-based, model-based, and optimization-based techniques, all with the help of practical examples. Hands-On One-shot Learning with Python will guide you through the exploration and design of deep learning models that can obtain information about an object from one or just a few training samples. The book begins with an overview of deep learning and one-shot learning and then introduces you to the different methods you can use to achieve it, such as deep learning architectures and probabilistic models. Once you've got to grips with the core principles, you'll explore real-world examples and implementations of one-shot learning using PyTorch 1.x on datasets such as Omniglot and MiniImageNet. Finally, you'll explore generative modeling-based methods and discover the key considerations for building systems that exhibit human-level intelligence. By the end of this book, you'll be well-versed with the different one- and few-shot learning methods and be able to use them to build your own deep learning models.

Who is this book for?

If you're an AI researcher or a machine learning or deep learning expert looking to explore one-shot learning, this book is for you. It will help you get started with implementing various one-shot techniques to train models faster. Some Python programming experience is necessary to understand the concepts covered in this book.

What you will learn

  • Get to grips with the fundamental concepts of one- and few-shot learning
  • Work with different deep learning architectures for one-shot learning
  • Understand when to use one-shot and transfer learning, respectively
  • Study the Bayesian network approach for one-shot learning
  • Implement one-shot learning approaches based on metrics, models, and optimization in PyTorch
  • Discover different optimization algorithms that help to improve accuracy even with smaller volumes of data
  • Explore various one-shot learning architectures based on classification and regression
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Length: 156 pages
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Table of Contents

10 Chapters
Section 1: One-shot Learning Introduction Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introduction to One-shot Learning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 2: Deep Learning Architectures Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Metrics-Based Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Model-Based Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Optimization-Based Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Section 3: Other Methods and Conclusion Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Generative Modeling-Based Methods Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Conclusions and Other Approaches Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

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Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
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2 star 14.3%
1 star 14.3%
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Amazon Customer Jul 01, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book summarizes all major few-shot learning papers. The authors have done a good job making this an engaging read irrespective of your experience in the subject. Great book to start, if you are new to this field.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Anubhav May 17, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
I got this book directly from Packt website and not from amazon.I'm a recent grduate with MS in Machine Learning.This book is a great starting point to jump into few-shot learning research.It gives a brief introduction to recent Deep Neural Networks architectures. Then it takes a deep dive into recent few shot learning methodologies.The pytorch sample code makes it very easy to pickup the concepts and writte actual code.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
M Jun 30, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Good book to start learning about few-shot learning. Have been through few-chapters, the concepts are explained well. It also have a code repo, which has been very helpful.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
ConfusedSoul Jun 30, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is an excellent book to get started with the area of One-Shot learning. My favorite part of the book was the lucid explanation of concepts backed by code snippets. What's also nice is that a lot of thought has been put into the organization of the book's contents itself so a person new to the area of one and few-shot learning isn't overwhelmed. Highly recommend!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
doodla Jun 25, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This is a pretty good introduction to One shot learning. I'm still halfway through this, but the concepts are explained clearly and there are a lot of examples. I think the authors did a good job with the do-it-yourself problems, which are quite engaging.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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