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Go Machine Learning Projects
Go Machine Learning Projects

Go Machine Learning Projects: Eight projects demonstrating end-to-end machine learning and predictive analytics applications in Go

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Go Machine Learning Projects

Linear Regression - House Price Prediction

Linear regression is one of the world's oldest machine learning concepts. Invented in the early nineteenth century, it is still one of the more vulnerable methods of understanding the relationship between input and output.

The ideas behind linear regression is familiar to us all. We feel that some things are correlated with one another. Sometimes they are causal in nature. There exists a very fine line between correlation and causation. For example, summer sees more sales in ice creams and cold beverages, while winter sees more sales in hot cocoa and coffee. We could say that the seasons themselves cause the amount of sales—they're causal in nature. But are they really?

Without further analysis, the best thing we can say is that they are correlated with one another. The phenomenon of summer is connected to the phenomenon...

The project

What we want to do is to create a model of house prices. We will be using this open source dataset of house prices (https://www.kaggle.com/c/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques/data) for our linear regression model. Specifically, the dataset is the data of price of houses that have been sold in the Ames area in Massachusetts, and their associated features.

As with any machine learning project, we start by asking the most basic of questions: what do we want to predict? In this case, I've already indicated that we're going to be predicting house prices, therefore all the other data will be used as signals to predict house prices. In statistical parlance, we call house prices the dependent variable and the other fields the independent variables.

In the following sections, we will build a graph of dependent logical conditions, then with that as a plan...

Exploratory data analysis

Exploratory data analysis is part and parcel of any model-building process. Understanding the algorithm at play, too, is important. Given that this chapter revolves around linear regression, it might be worth it to explore the data through the lens of understanding linear regression.

But first, let's look at the data. One of the first things I recommend any budding data scientist keen on machine learning to do is to explore the data, or a subset of it, to get a feel for it. I usually do it in a spreadsheet application such as Excel or Google Sheets. I then try to understand, in human ways, the meaning of the data.

This dataset comes with a description of fields, which I can't enumerate in full here. A snapshot, however, would be illuminating for the rest of the discussion in this chapter:

  • SalePrice: The property's sale price in dollars...

Linear regression

Now that that's all done, let's do some linear regression! But first, let's clean up our code. We'll move our exploratory work so far into a function called exploration(). Then we will reread the file, split the dataset into training and testing dataset, and perform all the transformations before finally running the regression. For that, we will use github.com/sajari/regression and apply the regression.

The first part looks like this:

func main() {
// exploratory() // commented out because we're done with exploratory work.

f, err := os.Open("train.csv")
mHandleErr(err)
defer f.Close()
hdr, data, indices, err := ingest(f)
rows, cols, XsBack, YsBack, newHdr, newHints := clean(hdr, data, indices, datahints, ignored)
Xs := tensor.New(tensor.WithShape(rows, cols), tensor.WithBacking(XsBack))
it, err := native.MatrixF64(Xs...

Discussion and further work

This model is now ready to be used to predict things. Is this the best model? No, it's not. Finding the best model is a never ending quest. To be sure, there are indefinite ways of improving this model. One can use LASSO methods to determine the importance of variables before using them.

The model is not only the linear regression, but also the data cleaning functions and ingestion functions that come with it. This leads to a very high number of tweakable parameters. Maybe if you didn't like the way I imputed data, you can always write your own method!

Furthermore the code in this chapter can be cleaned up further. Instead of returning so many values in the clean function, a new tuple type can be created to hold the Xs and Ys—a data frame of sorts. In fact, that's what we're going to build in the upcoming chapters. Several...

Summary

In this chapter, we have learned how to explore data (with some awkwardness) using Go. We plotted some charts and used them as a guiding rod to select variables for the regression. Following that, we implemented a regression model that came with reporting of errors which enabled us to compare models. Lastly, to ensure we were not over fitting, we used a RMSE score to cross-validate our model and came out with a fairly decent score.

This is just a taste of what is to come. The ideas in abstract are repeated over the next chapters—we will be cleaning data, then writing the machine learning model, which will be cross-validated. The only difference will generally be the data, and the models.

In the next chapter, we'll learn a simple way to determine if an email is spam or not.

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Key benefits

  • Explore ML tasks and Go’s machine learning ecosystem
  • Implement clustering, regression, classification, and neural networks with Go
  • Get to grips with libraries such as Gorgonia, Gonum, and GoCv for training models in Go

Description

Go is the perfect language for machine learning; it helps to clearly describe complex algorithms, and also helps developers to understand how to run efficient optimized code. This book will teach you how to implement machine learning in Go to make programs that are easy to deploy and code that is not only easy to understand and debug, but also to have its performance measured. The book begins by guiding you through setting up your machine learning environment with Go libraries and capabilities. You will then plunge into regression analysis of a real-life house pricing dataset and build a classification model in Go to classify emails as spam or ham. Using Gonum, Gorgonia, and STL, you will explore time series analysis along with decomposition and clean up your personal Twitter timeline by clustering tweets. In addition to this, you will learn how to recognize handwriting using neural networks and convolutional neural networks. Lastly, you'll learn how to choose the most appropriate machine learning algorithms to use for your projects with the help of a facial detection project. By the end of this book, you will have developed a solid machine learning mindset, a strong hold on the powerful Go toolkit, and a sound understanding of the practical implementations of machine learning algorithms in real-world projects.

Who is this book for?

If you’re a machine learning engineer, data science professional, or Go programmer who wants to implement machine learning in your real-world projects and make smarter applications easily, this book is for you. Some coding experience in Golang and knowledge of basic machine learning concepts will help you in understanding the concepts covered in this book.

What you will learn

  • Set up a machine learning environment with Go libraries
  • Use Gonum to perform regression and classification
  • Explore time series models and decompose trends with Go libraries
  • Clean up your Twitter timeline by clustering tweets
  • Learn to use external services for your machine learning needs
  • Recognize handwriting using neural networks and CNN with Gorgonia
  • Implement facial recognition using GoCV and OpenCV
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
How to Solve All Machine Learning Problems Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Linear Regression - House Price Prediction Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Classification - Spam Email Detection Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Decomposing CO2 Trends Using Time Series Analysis Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Clean Up Your Personal Twitter Timeline by Clustering Tweets Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Neural Networks - MNIST Handwriting Recognition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Convolutional Neural Networks - MNIST Handwriting Recognition Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Basic Facial Detection Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Hot Dog or Not Hot Dog - Using External Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
What's Next? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Very good examples
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