Whenever a function call is made, an execution stack is created in the stack memory to store the variables of the function. Tail call optimization basically means that you reuse the allocated stack in memory if there's no information in that stack that is required later in the code execution sequence.
Tail call optimization
Why tail call optimization?
When a function call is made inside another function call, a new execution stack is created for the inner function call. However, the problem is that the inner function execution stack takes up some extra memory--that is, it stores an extra address, representing where to resume the execution when this function finishes executing. Switching and creating the execution stacks...
