Modeling using neural networks

Neural networks, or to be more specific in this case, artificial neural networks, is a family of machine learning models whose concepts are based on the working of biological neural networks, just like our nervous system. Neural networks have been there for a long time, but recently there has been an upsurge of interest in building highly intelligent systems using deep learning and artificial intelligence. Deep learning makes use of deep neural networks, which are essentially neural networks with a huge number of hidden layers between the input and output layers. A typical neural network can be visualized with the following figure:

From the figure, you can deduce that this neural network is an interconnected network of various nodes, also called neurons. Each node represents a neuron which is nothing but a mathematical function. It is impossible to go into every detail of how to represent a node mathematically but we will give the gist here. These mathematical...