How does machine learning work?

Each flavor of machine learning and each individual model works in very different ways, exploiting different parts of mathematics and data science. However, in general, machine learning works by taking in data, finding relationships within the data, and giving as output what the model learned, as illustrated in the following diagram:

An overview of machine learning models

As we explore the different types of machine learning models, we will see how they manipulate data differently and come up with different outputs for different applications.