But first, let's review the concept of a deep neural network. A neural network, in ML, represents a technique to mimic the same neurological processes that occur in our brain. Neurons, like those in our brains, represent the basic building blocks of the neural network architecture that we use to learn and retain a baseline set of information around our knowledge.
Deep neural networks
How to do it...
Our neurological process uses previous experience as examples, learning a structure to understand the data and form a conclusion or output:
Neurons making connections to go from input to hidden layer to single output
This basic architecture will form the foundation of our deep neural network, which we'll present in the next section.
Here are the basic steps of how the model is built:
- Â An input (an image or other input data) is sent into an input (static) layer
- The single or series of hidden layer then operates on this data
- The output layer aggregates all of this information into an output format
How it works...
Originally conceived in the early 1940s as a mathematical construct, the artificial neural network was popularized in the 1980s through a method called backpropagation. Backprop, for short, allows an artificial neural network to adjust the weights of each layer at every epoch of training. In the 1980s, the limits of computational power only allowed for a certain level of training. As the computing power expanded and the research grew, there was a renaissance with ML.
With the advent of cheap computing power, a new technique was born: deep neural networks. Utilizing the ability of GPUs to compute tensors very quickly, a few libraries have been developed to build these deep neural networks. To become a deep neural network, the basic premise is this: add four or more hidden layers between the input and output. Typically, there are thousands of neurons in the graph and the neural network has a much larger capacity to learn. This construct is illustrated in the following diagram:
A deep neural network is a relatively simple expansion of the basic architecture of the neural network
This represents the basic architecture for how a deep neural network is structured. There are plenty of modifications and basic restructuring of this architecture, but this basic graph provides the right pieces to implement a Deep Neural Network. How does all of this fit into GANs? Deep neural networks are a critical piece of the GAN architecture, as you'll see in the next section.
Practice building neural network architectures in frameworks such as scikit-learn or Keras to understand fundamental concepts. It's beneficial to understand the differences in various types of dropout and activation functions. These tools will serve you well as you work through the examples in this book.
