Search icon CANCEL
Arrow left icon
Explore Products
Best Sellers
New Releases
Books
Videos
Audiobooks
Learning Hub
Conferences
Free Learning
Arrow right icon
AWS Certified SysOps Administrator ??? Associate Guide
AWS Certified SysOps Administrator ??? Associate Guide

AWS Certified SysOps Administrator ??? Associate Guide: Your one-stop solution for passing the AWS SysOps Administrator certification

eBook
£20.98 £29.99
Paperback
£36.99
Subscription
Free Trial
Renews at £16.99p/m

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
Table of content icon View table of contents Preview book icon Preview Book

AWS Certified SysOps Administrator ??? Associate Guide

The Fundamentals of Amazon Web Services

Amazon Web Services (AWS) was officially launched in 2006 by its parent company, Amazon. At that time, it was an online book store. The business saw an opportunity in the marketplace to deliver services based on in-house experience in building highly scalable web application services, which they were using for Amazon. The mid 2000s was a time when the first massive, web-scale applications were starting to really take off, and Amazon was running such a web application. They had also invested heavily in the underlying technologies, infrastructure, and data centers to run their application reliably, with the best possible response times on a global scale. Those data centers and the services to run them were, of course, designed to meet highly variable capacity requirements so that Amazon could be run. This variability was due to the nature...

Technical requirements

A basic understanding of common IT terminology and practices is required for you to follow the content of this chapter.

What is the AWS platform?

Amazon Web Services essentially put the words cloud and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS, in its abbreviated form) into the IT dictionary. I'm not implying that Amazon Web Services invented cloud computing, not at all! The creation of cloud computing is a multi-faceted story that took time and organic growth to become what it is today. I am simply implying that Amazon Web Services was the one that really made your typical enterprise start thinking of IT as services instead of investments.

Cloud computing can be broken down into three categories that define what kind of service is being consumed from the cloud, that is, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). The following diagram illustrates the services that are offered by each service layer:

...

The shared responsibility model

Once we begin consuming cloud resources, we need to be aware that we are operating our application on some kind of provider-managed infrastructure and that both parties have a different level of access to the environment.

The following diagram represents an overview of the shared responsibility model:

There are quite a few differences between the shared responsibilities depending on whether a customer is running an IaaS or a PaaS. For example, if the customer is using IaaS and running a virtual machine with a database instance on the cloud, the provider has access to and responsibility for securing the following:

  • The underlying hardware in their data center
  • The server and hypervisor where the VM instance is running
  • The storage subsystem where the data volume is residing
  • The physical network devices that connect the hypervisor to the internet
  • ...

Advantages of using AWS

Any conversation about cloud computing will eventually lead to the question "Why? What's the benefit and why should I be using cloud computing?" There are multiple factors that contribute to cloud computing outperforming the traditional, on-premises data center-oriented approach to computing, but the following capabilities are the ones that are the most likely to make on-premises data centers a thing of the past:

  • The ability to trade capital expenses for operational expenses when running IT
  • The ability to use inexpensive compute units on demand
  • Increased application delivery speed and agility
  • Capacity matched to demand
  • The ability to go global in minutes

Perhaps the most prominent advantage when using Amazon Web Services is the ability to deploy your services globally within minutes. Using scripts, templates or 3rd party tools, you can...

AWS Foundation Services

Amazon Web Services defines two service layers a bit more loosely than the standard IaaS and PaaS models. The underlying layer of AWS services is called AWS Foundation Services and includes all of the IaaS deliveries that AWS provides, as well as some services that fall squarely into the PaaS, and even SaaS layers of cloud computing. AWS Foundation Services can be divided into the following functional groups:

  • Network services
  • Compute services
  • Storage services
  • Security and identity services
  • End user applications

Network services

Network services are sub-divided into different offerings that deliver services that allows for the complete management of our network infrastructure. Examples include the...

AWS Platform Services

Platform Services provide users with platform and software options that allow developers to easily provision, deploy, and deliver services to their application without the typical infrastructure management overhead. AWS Platform Services can be divided into the following functional groups:

  • Databases
  • Management tools
  • Analytics
  • Application services
  • Developer tools
  • Mobile and IoT services

Databases

Database services are sub-divided into different offerings that deliver database services and allow for the acceleration of the delivery of data. Examples include the following service offerings:

  • Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS): A fully managed relational database service that allows for the seamless...

Using AWS services

When the AWS environment was conceived, the initial requirement for the creation and consumption of resources was that they were simple, easy, and intuitive to consume, with no training required. If we look back to 2006-2007, the early years of AWS, this was very true. AWS had a simple design and the creation and consumption of the limited number of resources was relatively simple for anyone with an appropriate level of general IT knowledge so that they could come along and create resources with very little adjustment to the way AWS defined them. Nowadays, this is starting to become less and less true. Over the past decade or so, the AWS platform has evolved, seemingly at an exponential speed, to a point where it has so many services and so many offerings that you would be hard pressed to find anyone who would say that they clearly understand and are able to...

Cloud-native and serverless designs

When we talk about cloud-native applications, we are simply defining them as applications that are built to run on the cloud and have the ability to access the cloud environment they are running on in one way or another. This capability can allow an application to be self-managed and, among other factors, can allow it to do any or all of the following:

  • Provision its own resources, such as instances, databases, storage, and networks
  • Access services in the cloud, such as monitoring and enumerating services to determine its own state
  • Have the ability to scale itself according to events or metrics that are retrieved from the cloud
  • Manage other applications running in the cloud

On the other hand, applications that have been designed with a server less approach in mind are designed in a way that they consume no visible server instance resources...

Choosing availability zones and regions

One of the most important aspects of running your application in an efficient and highly available manner is the correct selection of the location of your AWS services. AWS is designed to offer multiple facilities in several different regions so that it can provide both high availability of services within a single region and the ability for us to architect solutions that are distributed and replicated across different regions.

Based on the experience gained from running Amazon since the 90s, AWS has set out to create a world-class infrastructure architecture that is composed of the following components:

  • Datacenter
  • Availability zones
  • Region

The lowest infrastructure component in the AWS architecture is the datacenter. A datacenter is essentially designed to hold raw compute, network, and storage capacity and to provide no redundancy to...

Summary

Amazon Web Services provides a unified environment where cloud computing infrastructure, platform, and software services can be consumed by the end user. It enables us to be able to build an application by utilizing any combination of the AWS services on offer.

In this chapter, we learned how easy it is to create an AWS account and started using those services to build complex and powerful applications before making them available on the internet or on our internal network by using a VPN or Direct Connect uplink. AWS is a great environment when ease of management, the ability to provision quickly and globally, and financial constraints require us to build compute capacity from operating expenditures.

Although it is fairly simple to build applications on AWS, there are several challenges when using cloud computing systems as a standalone solution or as a hybrid model...

Questions

  1. What is the difference between Infrastructure as a Service and Platform as a Service?
  2. Which layers is the cloud vendor responsible for when looking at Platform as a Service?
  3. What are the most obvious advantages of using AWS?
  4. List the five AWS Foundation service categories.
  5. Define the three ways of accessing the AWS environment outlined in this book.
  6. Essentially, what is a cloud-native application?
  7. What is the difference between regions and availability zones?
  8. Would running two virtual machine instances in two datacenters in one availability zone make your application highly available?
Left arrow icon Right arrow icon
Download code icon Download Code

Key benefits

  • Not only pass the certification with confidence but also enhance your skills to solving real-world scenarios.
  • A practical guide to getting you hands-on experience with application management, deployment, operation.
  • Enhance your AWS skills with practice questions and mock tests.

Description

AWS certifications are becoming one of the must have certifications for any IT professional working on an AWS Cloud platform. This book will act as your one stop preparation guide to validate your technical expertise in deployment, management, and operations on the AWS platform. Along with exam specific content this book will also deep dive into real world scenarios and hands-on instructions. This book will revolve around concepts like teaching you to deploy, manage, and operate scalable, highly available, and fault tolerant systems on AWS. You will also learn to migrate an existing on-premises application to AWS. You get hands-on experience in selecting the appropriate AWS service based on compute, data, or security requirements. This book will also get you well versed with estimating AWS usage costs and identifying operational cost control mechanisms. By the end of this book, you will be all prepared to implement and manage resources efficiently on the AWS cloud along with confidently passing the AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate exam.

Who is this book for?

If you are a system administrator or a system engineer interested in leveraging the AWS platform to deploy applications then, this book is for you. IT professionals interested in passing the AWS Certified Sysops Administrator will also benefit from this book. Some basic understanding of working AWS components would do wonders.

What you will learn

  • Create and manage users, groups, and permissions using AWS IAM services
  • Create a secure VPC with public and private subnets, Network Access Control, and security groups
  • Get started with launching your first EC2 instance, and working with it
  • Handle application traffic with ELB and monitor AWS resources with CloudWatch
  • Work with S3, Glacier, and CloudFront
  • Work across distributed application components using SWF
  • Understand event-based processing with Lambda and messaging SQS and SNS in AWS
  • Get familiar with AWS deployment concepts and tools including Elastic Beanstalk, CloudFormation and AWS OpsWorks
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to United Kingdom

Standard delivery 1 - 4 business days

£4.95

Premium delivery 1 - 4 business days

£7.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Country selected
Publication date, Length, Edition, Language, ISBN-13
Publication date : Jan 30, 2019
Length: 584 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788990776
Vendor :
Amazon
Tools :

What do you get with Print?

Product feature icon Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped
Product feature icon Paperback book shipped to your preferred address
Product feature icon Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats
Product feature icon Access this title in our online reader with advanced features
Product feature icon DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want
Product feature icon AI Assistant (beta) to help accelerate your learning
Estimated delivery fee Deliver to United Kingdom

Standard delivery 1 - 4 business days

£4.95

Premium delivery 1 - 4 business days

£7.95
(Includes tracking information)

Product Details

Publication date : Jan 30, 2019
Length: 584 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788990776
Vendor :
Amazon
Tools :

Packt Subscriptions

See our plans and pricing
Modal Close icon
£16.99 billed monthly
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Simple pricing, no contract
£169.99 billed annually
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just £5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts
£234.99 billed in 18 months
Feature tick icon Unlimited access to Packt's library of 7,000+ practical books and videos
Feature tick icon Constantly refreshed with 50+ new titles a month
Feature tick icon Exclusive Early access to books as they're written
Feature tick icon Solve problems while you work with advanced search and reference features
Feature tick icon Offline reading on the mobile app
Feature tick icon Choose a DRM-free eBook or Video every month to keep
Feature tick icon PLUS own as many other DRM-free eBooks or Videos as you like for just £5 each
Feature tick icon Exclusive print discounts

Frequently bought together


Stars icon
Total £ 115.97
AWS Certified Solutions Architect ??? Associate Guide
£36.99
AWS Certified SysOps Administrator ??? Associate Guide
£36.99
AWS Certified Developer - Associate Guide
£41.99
Total £ 115.97 Stars icon

Table of Contents

25 Chapters
Overview of AWS Certified SysOps Administrators and Associated Certification Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
The Fundamentals of Amazon Web Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing AWS Security with Identity and Access Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Networking with the Virtual Private Cloud Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing Servers on AWS with Elastic Compute Cloud Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Server Traffic with Elastic Load Balancing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Simple Storage Service and Glacier Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Content Distribution with CloudFront Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
AWS Storage Options Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with the Route 53 Domain Name System Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Relational Database Services Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Introduction to ElastiCache Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Amazon DynamoDB - A NoSQL Database Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Working with Simple Queue Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Handling Messaging with Simple Notification Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Started with Simple Workflow Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Overview of AWS Lambda Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring Resources with Amazon CloudWatch Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Understanding Elastic Beanstalk Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Automation with the CloudFormation Service Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Cloud Orchestration with OpsWorks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Exam Tips and Tricks Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Mock Tests Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Assessments Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.8
(8 Ratings)
5 star 37.5%
4 star 25%
3 star 12.5%
2 star 25%
1 star 0%
Filter icon Filter
Top Reviews

Filter reviews by




Winston M. Gonzalez May 13, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book was recommended by my AWS mentor.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
RalphBP Feb 21, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Marko Sluga’s book “AWS Certified SysOps Administrator – Associate Guide” is a great resource for those studying for the AWS SysOps Administrator exam. In addition is a great guide for learning the proper way to use AWS services and features. The book is written well and is easy to understand. There are many tips and best practices that go beyond just learning the facts. You are getting actual real-world explanations on how to set up and use many AWS services from someone who works with AWS every day. This is a great book for anyone who wants to learn how to use all the basic building blocks required in most AWS cloud implementations. Being an AWS certified SysOps engineer, Solution Architect Professional and Security Specialist, I highly recommend this book.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Marko Oct 16, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book when starting with AWS. Covers basics like opening AWS account as well as how to set up multiple services in AWS. Very nice guided approach. The test questions are great, some even more difficult than the real exam.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
L J Greene-Hernandez Mar 29, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
Technical Manuals are often difficult to wade through. No so this one. Marko Sluga makes the topic easy to digest. He gives the important details only. Beyond that his book provides two challenging practice tests that give very Amazon like questions. Another important thing is that I was able to reach out to him on linked in. He was friendly and kind and always ready to answer questions. I'm almost ready to take my exam and I'm finding his resource to be immensely helpful.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Amazon Customer Sep 17, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I’m a long time on-prem vSphere admin trying to get my feet wet in the world of AWS. This book was my first introduction to AWS.I read this book cover to cover and followed along by making a free tier account in AWS. I don’t think this book alone would be sufficient to get me through the exam. After reading it, I took a practice exam, and got a score of 60%. Considering I knew absolutely nothing about AWS beforehand, I’d say I learned a great deal. I would have to spend more time getting hands-on experience to pass the exam (as is to be expected).
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Get free access to Packt library with over 7500+ books and video courses for 7 days!
Start Free Trial

FAQs

What is the delivery time and cost of print book? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela
What is custom duty/charge? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customs duty are charges levied on goods when they cross international borders. It is a tax that is imposed on imported goods. These duties are charged by special authorities and bodies created by local governments and are meant to protect local industries, economies, and businesses.

Do I have to pay customs charges for the print book order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The orders shipped to the countries that are listed under EU27 will not bear custom charges. They are paid by Packt as part of the order.

List of EU27 countries: www.gov.uk/eu-eea:

A custom duty or localized taxes may be applicable on the shipment and would be charged by the recipient country outside of the EU27 which should be paid by the customer and these duties are not included in the shipping charges been charged on the order.

How do I know my custom duty charges? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

The amount of duty payable varies greatly depending on the imported goods, the country of origin and several other factors like the total invoice amount or dimensions like weight, and other such criteria applicable in your country.

For example:

  • If you live in Mexico, and the declared value of your ordered items is over $ 50, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 19% which will be $ 9.50 to the courier service.
  • Whereas if you live in Turkey, and the declared value of your ordered items is over € 22, for you to receive a package, you will have to pay additional import tax of 18% which will be € 3.96 to the courier service.
How can I cancel my order? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Cancellation Policy for Published Printed Books:

You can cancel any order within 1 hour of placing the order. Simply contact customercare@packt.com with your order details or payment transaction id. If your order has already started the shipment process, we will do our best to stop it. However, if it is already on the way to you then when you receive it, you can contact us at customercare@packt.com using the returns and refund process.

Please understand that Packt Publishing cannot provide refunds or cancel any order except for the cases described in our Return Policy (i.e. Packt Publishing agrees to replace your printed book because it arrives damaged or material defect in book), Packt Publishing will not accept returns.

What is your returns and refunds policy? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Return Policy:

We want you to be happy with your purchase from Packtpub.com. We will not hassle you with returning print books to us. If the print book you receive from us is incorrect, damaged, doesn't work or is unacceptably late, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com with the order number and issue details as explained below:

  1. If you ordered (eBook, Video or Print Book) incorrectly or accidentally, please contact Customer Relations Team on customercare@packt.com within one hour of placing the order and we will replace/refund you the item cost.
  2. Sadly, if your eBook or Video file is faulty or a fault occurs during the eBook or Video being made available to you, i.e. during download then you should contact Customer Relations Team within 14 days of purchase on customercare@packt.com who will be able to resolve this issue for you.
  3. You will have a choice of replacement or refund of the problem items.(damaged, defective or incorrect)
  4. Once Customer Care Team confirms that you will be refunded, you should receive the refund within 10 to 12 working days.
  5. If you are only requesting a refund of one book from a multiple order, then we will refund you the appropriate single item.
  6. Where the items were shipped under a free shipping offer, there will be no shipping costs to refund.

On the off chance your printed book arrives damaged, with book material defect, contact our Customer Relation Team on customercare@packt.com within 14 days of receipt of the book with appropriate evidence of damage and we will work with you to secure a replacement copy, if necessary. Please note that each printed book you order from us is individually made by Packt's professional book-printing partner which is on a print-on-demand basis.

What tax is charged? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Currently, no tax is charged on the purchase of any print book (subject to change based on the laws and regulations). A localized VAT fee is charged only to our European and UK customers on eBooks, Video and subscriptions that they buy. GST is charged to Indian customers for eBooks and video purchases.

What payment methods can I use? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

You can pay with the following card types:

  1. Visa Debit
  2. Visa Credit
  3. MasterCard
  4. PayPal
What is the delivery time and cost of print books? Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Shipping Details

USA:

'

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the US within 10-15 business days

Premium: Trackable Delivery to most addresses in the US within 3-8 business days

UK:

Economy: Delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 7-9 business days.
Shipments are not trackable

Premium: Trackable delivery to most addresses in the U.K. within 3-4 business days!
Add one extra business day for deliveries to Northern Ireland and Scottish Highlands and islands

EU:

Premium: Trackable delivery to most EU destinations within 4-9 business days.

Australia:

Economy: Can deliver to P. O. Boxes and private residences.
Trackable service with delivery to addresses in Australia only.
Delivery time ranges from 7-9 business days for VIC and 8-10 business days for Interstate metro
Delivery time is up to 15 business days for remote areas of WA, NT & QLD.

Premium: Delivery to addresses in Australia only
Trackable delivery to most P. O. Boxes and private residences in Australia within 4-5 days based on the distance to a destination following dispatch.

India:

Premium: Delivery to most Indian addresses within 5-6 business days

Rest of the World:

Premium: Countries in the American continent: Trackable delivery to most countries within 4-7 business days

Asia:

Premium: Delivery to most Asian addresses within 5-9 business days

Disclaimer:
All orders received before 5 PM U.K time would start printing from the next business day. So the estimated delivery times start from the next day as well. Orders received after 5 PM U.K time (in our internal systems) on a business day or anytime on the weekend will begin printing the second to next business day. For example, an order placed at 11 AM today will begin printing tomorrow, whereas an order placed at 9 PM tonight will begin printing the day after tomorrow.


Unfortunately, due to several restrictions, we are unable to ship to the following countries:

  1. Afghanistan
  2. American Samoa
  3. Belarus
  4. Brunei Darussalam
  5. Central African Republic
  6. The Democratic Republic of Congo
  7. Eritrea
  8. Guinea-bissau
  9. Iran
  10. Lebanon
  11. Libiya Arab Jamahriya
  12. Somalia
  13. Sudan
  14. Russian Federation
  15. Syrian Arab Republic
  16. Ukraine
  17. Venezuela