Example inspired by the Google Supremacy experiment
We will apply what we have learned about gate operations to an experiment inspired by the Google Supremacy experiment. The paper titled Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor was published in Nature in October 2019. The links to this paper and the counter-claim by IBM can be found in the Further reading section. This is a good example to start with, as it does not require a specific quantum circuit, and can also explain, to some extent, the process used in the widely talked about experiment.
The actual Google experiment
The Google experiment used an alternating set of randomly selected single-qubit gates (). It entangled one of a different set of interconnected qubits using a combination of iSWAP and a CrZ (π /6) gate that had been calibrated for minimum error between that specific pair of qubits. This includes five other rotation angles that I have not shown.
The following equation shows the...