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Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development Made Simple: Second Edition
Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development Made Simple: Second Edition

Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development Made Simple: Second Edition:

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Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development Made Simple: Second Edition

Chapter 2. Estimating the Effort

You have convinced your boss that the Application Development Framework (ADF) has what it takes to build the next generation of destination management software. Now he is asking you how much this new enterprise application will cost, what functionality should go into it, and how long will it take to build.

To be able to answer these questions, you will need to gather the requirements, do a high-level design of the solution, and estimate how long it will take.

Gathering requirements


The first step is to gather the requirements to build the software. This can be done in many different ways depending on your organizational culture and environment, detailed as follows:

  • If you are subject to regulatory requirements (for example, in the aerospace or pharmaceutical business), you need a very formal method

  • If you are outsourcing development to an external supplier, you need the exact requirements

  • If development will be handled by an in-house IT department, you might get by with less formal requirements

At the formal end of the spectrum, you need a complete list of all of the requirements that you can test against. If your organization is used to a more informal approach, you might only produce a fairly complete list of use cases or user stories. For a technology replacement project, where you replace a legacy application developed in, for example, Oracle Forms, the requirements might be simply, "it should work like the old system."

Tip

Know the requirements...

Deciding how to build it


Once you know what you need to build, you need to decide how you want to build it. There are three major decisions that you need to take. They are as follows:

  • How much do we build at a time

  • How much do we build ourselves

  • How do we integrate

Deciding how much to build at a time

If you are building a new system to support a process that has not had IT support earlier, you can build it in one large chunk or in several smaller chunks. The advantage of the large chunk is that you only have to spend resources on one go-live process. On the other hand, if something does not work, you might have developed hundreds of screens with a wrong approach and have to change them.

If you are replacing an existing system (for example, an Oracle Forms-based system), you need to decide if you want to attempt a "big bang" replacement of the entire old system with a new one or if you want a phased approach. As it is much easier to run one system than to run two, some people prefer the "big bang...

Application architecture


Once you have found out what you need to build and how much you want to build, you now have to choose your application architecture. The architecture determines how many workspaces you have and which components go into which workspace.

The ADF framework is very flexible and allows you to build applications in many different ways, so there is a large number of possible architectures. Three good ones are:

  • Simple

  • Modular

  • Enterprise

In a simple architecture, you build the entire application in one workspace. You saw an example of this approach in the Proof of Concept application in Chapter 1, The ADF Proof of Concept. Business components go into a model project in the workspace, and task flows and pages go into a view/controller project. This approach works well for small applications that will be built by one or two developers.

If your application is larger than 5-10 bounded task flows and/or more than two people need to work on it, a modular architecture is a good approach...

Example Work Breakdown Structure


When you know the requirements and have a screen design for the most important screens, you can start designing the solution. This does not mean that you need to know every piece of code you're going to write, but you do need to be able to break down the work in manageable chunks.

This is typically done in the form of a hierarchical Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) that decomposes the entire application-development effort into a number of work packages. The following list contains the work packages you will probably need when building an enterprise ADF application. Many of the items listed here haven't been explained yet but will be covered in the subsequent chapters—they will make sense when you return to this chapter after reading the rest of the book.

Your WBS is likely to include:

  • Technical design: This is a detailed design document providing any information that the programmer will need that is not already in the requirements.

  • Server setup: This requires...

Estimating the solution


With your Work Breakdown Structure in hand, you can start estimating the real work involved in each group of tasks. Estimate the effort needed to perform the task in hours or days (measured in ideal engineering hours, assuming concentrated, uninterrupted work on the task). Don't fall into the trap of estimating in duration—duration estimates will vary wildly depending on how much non-project work the person doing the estimate expects to be doing at the same time.

Tip

Use small tasks

If you find that a work package has an estimate of more than 80 hours, revisit the Work Breakdown Structure and split the task into smaller subtasks. An estimate of 80+ hours very often indicates an incomplete understanding of the task and carries a large risk of overrunning the estimate.

The individual subsystem work packages might break the 80-hour limit and are, therefore, divided into subpackages.

Top-down estimate

If you are an experienced project manager, you can probably produce a rough...

Adding it all up – the final estimate


When you have gathered all of the detailed task estimates, you need to add up the details to a total estimate for the entire project.

As a starting point, you add up all of the expected task efforts. Remember that these are calculated based on your three-point estimates using the formula earlier in this chapter. This total is the total effort most likely needed to complete the project.

Swings and roundabouts

A fairground owner will say: "What you lose on the swings, you gain on the roundabouts." A developer will recognize this: some things take longer (closer to the pessimistic estimate), and some take shorter (closer to the optimistic estimate). However, it is extremely unlikely that everything takes as long as the pessimistic estimate—just as it is extremely unlikely that everything goes swimmingly according to the optimistic estimate.

A statistician will illustrate this fact with a normal distribution curve showing probability or likelihood on the vertical...

Sanity check


Once you add up all of your bottom-up estimates, you should arrive at a total close to the project manager's top-down estimate. If the estimates are not fairly close, your project contains some uncertainty that you need to examine.

The project manager might find that the bottom-up estimate is higher because it includes the tasks he or she did not consider in the top-down estimate. That's fine. However, if you have a major discrepancy and cannot find the reason, you need to revisit your estimates. As described earlier, you get better estimates if you let more people do the estimation and then calculate the averages. Do this for both your top-down and bottom-up estimates until the total bottom-up estimate is approximately the same as the top-down estimate.

From effort to calendar time


Remember that we have been discussing effort in this chapter, calculating it in ideal engineering hours. You need to convert this into actual calendar time, taking into account vacation, illness, training, the support of the existing systems, tasks for other projects, company meetings, and many other things.

If you have already implemented detailed time tracking in your organization, you can get a good idea of the development efficiency of each developer from historical data. If you do not have this data, start your project plan assuming 50 percent efficiency for everyone. Then, follow up on how many hours are actually spent on development tasks for each person. This can be very different from person to person because of the varying other tasks each team member will have.

Summary


You gathered all of the requirements, decided how you will build the application, and decided on a modular architecture. You then created a Work Breakdown Structure for the XDM project, and together with the other developers in DMC Solutions, you created three-point estimates for each task in your project. Then, you calculated the total effort needed to build DMC Solutions' next-generation destination management.

Your boss was impressed with your detailed estimate and liked the fact that you had calculated a 95 percent probability worst-case value. He has now gone to the CEO for the funding—if he gets the go-ahead, your next task is to get the project team organized. That's the topic of Chapter 3, Getting Organized.

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What you will learn

  • Develop an ADF application based on database tables using both common and exotic ADF user interface components
  • Develop necessary templates and framework classes to allow productive and flexible development
  • Customize your applications to meet the needs and expectations of different users
  • Estimate the effort required to build an ADF enterprise application
  • Test your ADF enterprise application at the component, integration, and system level
  • Understand how to secure your enterprise applications and assign roles for specific functionality
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Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development Made Simple: Second Edition
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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
The ADF Proof of Concept Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Estimating the Effort Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Organized Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Productive Teamwork Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Preparing to Build Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Building the Enterprise Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Testing Your Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Changing the Appearance Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Customizing Functionality Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Securing Your ADF Application Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Packaging and Delivery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

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Todor Mar 25, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
The book shows how real-world ADF applications are born!It provides great guidelines on how to setup your team, your work environment, how to go through the process of development and finally deliver the whole product or application.Would recommend to both starting companies and experienced ones in ADF development.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sveinn Oddsson Mar 04, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
This book is a must read for every project lead and senior ADF developer. It gives an excellent overview of how an ADF team should be organized, the tools and methods to use to aid the development process.This is not a technical guidebook on how write ADF code or solve complex technical problems, there are other books (and Oracle manuals) which cover that. This book takes a step back away from the technical detail and focuses on the bigger picture of the software development process. I think this perspective is lacking from the usual development guides, technical blogs and programming courses.As an ADF developer for many years I could still learn a lot from reading this book. It will save me time on investigating new trends in Continous Integration, Load Testing, Automatic builds, Skinning, Customizations and more, the book gave me answers to the questions of which methodology I should use for architecting my next ADF project - at least it gives me a nice headstart in choosing the supporting tools and processes.Although the book's title refers to Enterprise Applications it will help in smaller projects too. Every aspect of the so called Enterprise Applications needs be considered for smaller applications as well, some will be considered not needed or irrelivant but that choice must be made based on facts that can be found in this book.The book refers to the (now) latest version of Oracle JDeveloper, 12c and discusses some of the new tools integrated therein. But still applies to the 11g versions of JDeveloper and ADF.The book goes through the process of building a small (and functional) application so it is also a nice introduction to ADF development.So if you are a project manager willing to learn a little about ADF Development or an ADF Developer willing to learn a little about project management this book is well worth reading.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Srisankaraswaminathan Apr 29, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
It is a very good book and highly recommended for folks trying to get started with ADF. Very complex concept explained in a very clear, simple way. Very High level of clarity.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
JP May 18, 2014
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This book 'Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development - Made Simple: Second Edition' as mention in Packtpub site, takes you through an entire enterprise application development project using ADF, from proof of concept through all phases of development until the final application is delivered and deployed. A good read for anyone who wants to use ADF for building projects, especially if you are from different technology background and relatively new to ADF.This book covers the following topics:The ADF Proof of Concept: This chapter introduces the reader to Oracle ADF and JDeveloper. In general, you may normally build a Proof Of Concept while earning/evaluating a new technology. Similarly, in this chapter, you will also see steps for building a real life Proof Of Concept for ADF. In nutshell, this content definitely help a beginner(those who are new to ADF) to get started with the IDE and framework.Estimating the Effort: This chapter discusses the common effort estimation techniques that you may use to decide on the development effort before building the application. I mus stay that, this chapter is unique in nature and not seen any other book covering this concept. Really enjoyed reading this one.Getting Organized: This chapter focuses on skill set requirements for executing an ADF project and development environment setup which includes source setup, tools needed, and coding guidelines. A very good read for one who is going to start a medium to complex ADF application development.Productive Teamwork: This chapter discusses software configuration management toolsusage such as SVN, Git for version controlling ADF application. You may also learn things about Oracle Team Productivity Center. In short, it's a good chapter with useful information on version controlling of ADF app.Preparing to Build: In this chapter you will learn how to make use of ADF framework features to avoid boiler plate coding, which improves developer productivity considerably.Building the Enterprise Application: This chapter talks about how you can 'effectively' use framework and JDeveloper offerings to build an application.You will lean best practices on source structuring and reusing artifacts across application.Testing Your Application: This chapter is a good read on unit testing and stress testing and ADF application. You may experience a 'real life approach' while scanning through contents.Changing the Appearance: A simple and useful chapter on basics of skinning.Customizing Functionality: A useful chapter on seeded customization of ADF application. You may find it clear and simple, especially if you have not used this ADF offerings before.Securing Your ADF Application: A simple chapter covering ADF security aspects. A good read for beginner who wanted to get a feel of declarative security offering in ADF.Packaging and Delivery: This chapter talks about how you can deploy ADF application to a container.Conclusion:As you might have noticed, this book by Sten, covers many useful topics which you may not find in any other ADF books and it finds it's own place in ADF book shelves. That said, however, this book may not be qualified as an end-to-end reference guide for your day to day ADF issues, rather it is more focused on the process that you may follow while building ADF application. I would definitely recommend this book for those who wants to learn the right process and best practices for building successful ADF applications.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Waslley Souza Mar 24, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
"Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development - Made Simple: Second Edition" published by Packt Publishing is guide to learn how to use Oracle ADF in enterprise environments. This book is not a beginner's guide to Oracle ADF. I suggest try some tutorials from Oracle website or other good books from Packt Publishing before you start to read this book. Two books from Packt Publishing that I suggest for begginers are "Oracle ADF 11gR2 Development Beginner's Guide" and "Developing Web Applications with Oracle ADF Essentials".Instead of to focus only in teaching about programming, like other Oracle ADF books, the focus of "Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development - Made Simple: Second Edition" are good practices and necessary things in an enterprise environment like tests, deployment, version control and more."Oracle ADF Enterprise Application Development - Made Simple: Second Edition" published by Packt Publishing is definitely a good Oracle ADF book to add to your collection, because it is the only one that focus on enterprise environment configuration.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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