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Mastering Apache Solr 7.x
Mastering Apache Solr 7.x

Mastering Apache Solr 7.x: An expert guide to advancing, optimizing, and scaling your enterprise search

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Profile Icon Nair Profile Icon Dharmesh Vasoya Profile Icon Mehta
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Profile Icon Nair Profile Icon Dharmesh Vasoya Profile Icon Mehta
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Paperback Feb 2018 308 pages 1st Edition
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Mastering Apache Solr 7.x

Getting Started

"Information is the oil of the 21st Century, and analytics is the combustion engine."
– Peter Sondergaard

Apache Solr is one tool that has some common features such as full-text search, facets-based search, clustering on demand, the ability to select highlighters, indexing on demand, database integration, geospatial searches, NoSQL features, fault tolerance, scaling on demand, and the ability to handle all sorts of documents (such as PDF, docx, ppt, and more). Solr finds its intense use in enterprise searches and huge analytics. Due to such powerful features, major players in the world such as Instagram, Netflix, NASA, and eBay are using Solr.

Solr runs as a standalone server with the option of having clusters as per demand. Internally, it makes use of the Lucene Java search library and has full support of REST like HTTP/XML and JSON APIs...

Solr installation

Let's get up and running with Solr. At the time of writing of this book, the latest stable version of Solr was 7.1.0. This book focuses all its aspects on Apache Solr 7.1.0.

Getting up and running with Apache Solr requires the following prerequisites:

  • Java 8 (mandatory)
  • Cygwin (optional, recommended for Windows)
  • curl (optional, recommended)

So, you will necessarily require JRE version 1.8 or higher for Solr to run. Go ahead! Open Command Prompt, type the following command, and check your Java version:

java -version

It should show the following output:

If your output is something different, it means Java is not properly installed and it needs to be installed properly. Also, the PATH variable should point to JRE 1.8. You can download Java from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html if needed.

Cygwin and curl utilities are...

Understanding various files and the folder structure

Let's now understand the constituents of Solr, its directory structure, and the significance of each folder and the configurations involved. This diagram shows the parent-level directory of Solr, along with an explanation of each folder:

Let's look at the major folders and files we will be dealing with.

bin

The bin folder has all the scripts primarily needed to get up and running with Solr. Mainly, we will be using Solr and post scripts for our day-to-day purposes. It is also the location to place the replication scripts for more advanced setup, if needed. The bin folder is home to the following utilities: it contains the solr.in.sh and solr.in.cmd files...

Running Solr

Let's start with running and configuring our Solr. We will see several ways of running Solr, some configurations needed for Solr to be in production mode, and more. The following topics will be covered:

  • Solr startup
  • Production-level Solr setup and configurations

Running basic Solr commands

Earlier, we started Solr in interactive mode, where we picked up the cloud as the default config set. Let's revisit the Solr startup commands.

If you want to start Solr with a custom port, then you can use the following command:

bin\solr.cmd start -p 8984
Based on your operating system, you have to use bin/solr or bin\solr.cmd.

Similar to start, there's a command stop. To stop Solr, simply use the following...

Loading sample data

Now that we've got acquainted with Solr and the various commands involved in Solr's day-to-day usage, let's populate it with data so that we can query it as needed. Solr comes with sample data in examples. We will use the same $solr_home/example/films for our queries.

Fire up the terminal and create a collection films with 10 shards:

 solr\bin create -c films -shards 10

Now, in $solr_home/example/films there is file called file.json. Let's import it into our collection, films. Based on your OS, hit the appropriate command for the post script or post.jar.

Uh Oh!! It throws an error, as follows:

What must have gone wrong? By checking the logs while creating the collection, you must have seen a warning.

Warning
Using _default config set data driven schema functionality is enabled by default, which is not recommended for production use.

To...

Understanding the browse interface

Now that our Solr is loaded up with data, we will look at multiple queries and the browse interface, through which we can query without actually knowing the end points. The data provided in techproducts includes a wide variety of fields along with geospatial indexes. So let's use that for a change. Open up the terminal and hit bin\solr.cmd -e techproducts -p 4202. As we have loaded a sample techproducts config set, it will import a bunch of files into the collection while starting up the server.

Once the server is up and running, hit http://localhost:4202/solr/techproducts/browse to check out the browse interface provided by Solr, as shown in the following screenshot:

It is just another Google search for electronics now. Go ahead and type the query string parameter. It will autocomplete and display the results as needed.

The following...

Using the Solr admin interface

Solr provides a web interface for feasibility of Solr administrators and programmers to perform the following operations easily:

  • View Solr configuration details
  • Run different queries against indexes
  • Analyze document fields to fine-tune the Solr config set
  • Provide a schema browser for easy querying
  • Show the java properties of each core

And much more... Under the hood, Solr reuses the same HTTP APIs that are available to all clients. Let us look at the Solr admin panel in detail. Go and start up Solr with the config set we created earlier. Accessing http://localhost:7574/solr or http://localhost:8983/solr will open up the Solr admin dashboard. The whole screen is divided into two parts:

  • The left part showing the navigational menu
  • The right part showing the interface selected menu

Let's take a deep dive into each of the sections.

...

Summary

In this chapter, we got started with Solr. We saw the various options available to start Solr and saw the directory and folder structure of Solr in detail. We learned how to run Solr as service, Solr and ZooKeeper configurations, how to load some sample data from documents and databases, the browse interface, and the Admin UI in detail.

Let's move on to designing a schema in the next chapter. We will learn how to design it using documents and fields. We will go through various field types and see the schema API. We will also look at the schemaless mode.

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Key benefits

  • A practical guide in building expertise with Indexing, Faceting, Clustering and Pagination
  • Master the management and administration of Enterprise Search Applications and services seamlessly
  • Handle multiple data inputs such as JSON, xml, pdf, doc, xls,ppt, csv and much more.

Description

Apache Solr is the only standalone enterprise search server with a REST-like application interface. providing highly scalable, distributed search and index replication for many of the world's largest internet sites. To begin with, you would be introduced to how you perform full text search, multiple filter search, perform dynamic clustering and so on helping you to brush up the basics of Apache Solr. You will also explore the new features and advanced options released in Apache Solr 7.x which will get you numerous performance aspects and making data investigation simpler, easier and powerful. You will learn to build complex queries, extensive filters and how are they compiled in your system to bring relevance in your search tools. You will learn to carry out Solr scoring, elements affecting the document score and how you can optimize or tune the score for the application at hand. You will learn to extract features of documents, writing complex queries in re-ranking the documents. You will also learn advanced options helping you to know what content is indexed and how the extracted content is indexed. Throughout the book, you would go through complex problems with solutions along with varied approaches to tackle your business needs. By the end of this book, you will gain advanced proficiency to build out-of-box smart search solutions for your enterprise demands.

Who is this book for?

The book would rightly appeal to developers, software engineers, data engineers and database architects who are building or seeking to build enterprise-wide effective search engines for business intelligence. Prior experience of Apache Solr or Java programming is must to take the best of this book.

What you will learn

  • Design schema using schema API to access data in the database
  • Advance querying and fine-tuning techniques for better performance
  • Get to grips with indexing using Client API
  • Set up a fault tolerant and highly available server with newer distributed capabilities, SolrCloud
  • Explore Apache Tika to upload data with Solr Cell
  • Understand different data operations that can be done while indexing
  • Master advanced querying through Velocity Search UI, faceting and Query Re-ranking, pagination and spatial search
  • Learn to use JavaScript, Python, SolrJ and Ruby for interacting with Solr
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Table of Contents

9 Chapters
Introduction to Solr 7 Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Getting Started Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Designing Schemas Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Mastering Text Analysis Methodologies Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Data Indexing and Operations Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Queries – Part I Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Advanced Queries – Part II Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Managing and Fine-Tuning Solr Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Client APIs – An Overview Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon Empty star icon 3.8
(5 Ratings)
5 star 60%
4 star 0%
3 star 20%
2 star 0%
1 star 20%
Maria C Apr 27, 2020
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
everything
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Anil Perim Fernandes Apr 10, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very well written book on Solr !! The authors have ensured that the books addresses audiences ranging from a developer to an enterprise architect. The details have been well thought through and presented in the book. A book that all will enjoy to read and implement Solr 7.x.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Chintan Mehta Jun 28, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Very well written book !! The authors have ensured that the books addresses audiences ranging from a developer to an enterprise architect. The details have been well thought through and presented in the book. A book that all will enjoy to read and implement
Amazon Verified review Amazon
T. Zimmermann Jul 26, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 3
Just an ok book on the subject. It's the most recently published and has some Solr 7 specific details, but not much outside of what's already available in the Solr documentation and the examples packaged with the product itself. Wish I'd gone with a different resource for the price.
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Picky Mar 02, 2019
Full star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon Empty star icon 1
This book provides nothing that is not covered on the Solr reference guide available for free on Apache Solr website. If fact it covers less than what the free reference covers.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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