You have already seen that you share an app to deploy it. Sharing an app with a user authorizes that user to run the app.
Share apps with groups and add users to AD security groups to make deployment and management easier.
Along with the authorization to use the app, you will also need additional authorization to use any data sources the app connects to; users may be forced to sign into the data sources when they run the app.
Users need to be licensed for Power Apps. Licenses for Power Apps are included with Office 365 E3/E5 and Dynamics 365, but these subscriptions only cover the Office 365 and CDS connectors. If you want to use other connectors, then you may need to purchase and allocate separate Power Apps licenses.
Sharing an app allows a user to run the app. You need to allow others to edit and change the app separately.