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Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster Design
Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster Design

Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster Design: To achieve a Windows Server system that virtually takes care of itself, you need to master Hyper-V cluster design. This book is the perfect tutorial on the subject, providing clear instruction on expanding into the virtualized environment.

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Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster Design

Chapter 2. Cluster Design and Planning

A Microsoft Hyper-V Server cluster involves many components. Designing such a cluster requires you to understand how those components operate, what they need, and how they will interact. This chapter will extend beyond the basic introductory material of Chapter 1, Hyper-V Cluster Orientation, and take a closer look at the technologies and what you will need to implement them.

By the end of this chapter, we will have covered:

  • Determining requirements of existing physical systems that will be moved into the virtual environment
  • Designing a Hyper-V Server cluster with sufficient capacity for CPU, disk, network, and memory resources
  • Planning for shared storage devices for the cluster
  • Planning networking for the cluster
  • Licensing considerations in virtualization and cluster environments
  • Deciding between 2012 and 2012 R2
  • Planning for physical placement of cluster-related equipment
  • The security considerations and options for a Hyper-V Server cluster

Starting the design phase

If you are following a project document as recommended in Chapter 1, Hyper-V Cluster Orientation, then you should have completed the first part of the planning phase by defining your purposes and goals. The design phase is the second portion of planning in which you architect a solution to achieve those goals. In this phase, you will specify the hardware to acquire and their necessary configurations. You will begin by understanding what is necessary to run Hyper-V Server in a cluster and then size it to meet your specific needs.

Planning for existing systems

If you will be moving existing software loads into your new Hyper-V Server cluster, you'll need to determine what sort of resources they'll need to have access to. If you followed the earlier chapter, you've already determined which workloads cannot be virtualized. If not, make that determination before you start gathering metrics.

Deciding how you will virtualize physical systems

There are two basic approaches to moving physical systems into a Hyper-V Server cluster. The first is to perform a physical-to-virtual (P2V) conversion. The P2V process is a direct transfer of an operating system environment installed directly on hardware that copies it into a virtual equivalent. Aside from the hardware components, the server and installed applications do not change. The second approach is to create an empty virtual operating system environment and migrate applications and data.

Both P2V and migration approaches have their merits and drawbacks. P2V has...

Host computer components

The next concern is designing and sizing the host computers that will run Hyper-V Server. You now have some idea of the load your virtual machines will need, so you need to understand what the requirements are to fit those needs.

Hyper-V Server requirements

The hypervisor itself doesn't require much in terms of hardware. It shares an official requirements list with the full Windows Server 2012 product, which is as follows:

  • 64-bit CPU (x64, not Intel Itanium) running at a minimum of 1.4 GHz
  • 512 megabytes of main system RAM
  • 32 gigabytes of available hard drive space

Hyper-V's requirements extend beyond these to the following:

  • The CPU's options for hardware-assisted virtualization support must be enabled in the BIOS
  • CPU support for Data Execution Prevention must be enabled in the BIOS (NX on AMD chips, XD on Intel chips)

While not required for the Server edition of Hyper-V unless you intend to use RemoteFX, second-level address translation (SLAT) can greatly...

Networking

Networking in a Hyper-V Server cluster can be very confusing for newcomers. A clustered Hyper-V Server host requires a large number of distinct network connections in comparison to most other computing system deployments. The traffic types were covered in Chapter 1, Hyper-V Cluster Orientation. For review, they are given as follows:

  • Management
  • Live Migration
  • Cluster and Cluster Shared Volumes
  • Virtual machine
  • Storage (unless using direct-attached)

The recommended setup is to use at least a one-gigabit adapter for each of the above. If you won't be using Cluster Shared Volumes, then you can skip having a dedicated adapter for cluster communications. The pathways to iSCSI, SMB 3.0, and Fibre Channel benefit from the redundancy of multiple adapters, and most storage can leverage multi-path I/O (MPIO) to aggregate bandwidth. Be aware that it is common to overestimate the amount of bandwidth that storage systems actually require. Keep this in mind if you are considering using more than...

Shared storage

To provide high availability for virtual machines, shared storage is absolutely essential. Shared storage can be directly attached to your Hyper-V Server hosts or can communicate with them over a TCP/IP network, Fibre Channel (FC) interconnects, or other networks. You may utilize dedicated devices or general purpose servers to fulfill this requirement.

Storage area network devices

Storage area network (SAN) devices are considered mid-end to high-end storage components. While the term has broad and sometimes inconsistent applications in the realm of interconnected shared storage devices, it is most commonly used to refer to a singular self-contained unit. A SAN contains a bank of hard drives that can be accessed by multiple hosts. What defines a unit as a SAN is that it presents its storage at the block level, just the way that internal storage would. SAN storage devices have sophisticated capabilities beyond simply providing disk storage and I/O. Exact features will vary among...

Starting the design phase


If you are following a project document as recommended in Chapter 1, Hyper-V Cluster Orientation, then you should have completed the first part of the planning phase by defining your purposes and goals. The design phase is the second portion of planning in which you architect a solution to achieve those goals. In this phase, you will specify the hardware to acquire and their necessary configurations. You will begin by understanding what is necessary to run Hyper-V Server in a cluster and then size it to meet your specific needs.

Planning for existing systems


If you will be moving existing software loads into your new Hyper-V Server cluster, you'll need to determine what sort of resources they'll need to have access to. If you followed the earlier chapter, you've already determined which workloads cannot be virtualized. If not, make that determination before you start gathering metrics.

Deciding how you will virtualize physical systems

There are two basic approaches to moving physical systems into a Hyper-V Server cluster. The first is to perform a physical-to-virtual (P2V) conversion. The P2V process is a direct transfer of an operating system environment installed directly on hardware that copies it into a virtual equivalent. Aside from the hardware components, the server and installed applications do not change. The second approach is to create an empty virtual operating system environment and migrate applications and data.

Both P2V and migration approaches have their merits and drawbacks. P2V has a much higher...

Host computer components


The next concern is designing and sizing the host computers that will run Hyper-V Server. You now have some idea of the load your virtual machines will need, so you need to understand what the requirements are to fit those needs.

Hyper-V Server requirements

The hypervisor itself doesn't require much in terms of hardware. It shares an official requirements list with the full Windows Server 2012 product, which is as follows:

  • 64-bit CPU (x64, not Intel Itanium) running at a minimum of 1.4 GHz

  • 512 megabytes of main system RAM

  • 32 gigabytes of available hard drive space

Hyper-V's requirements extend beyond these to the following:

  • The CPU's options for hardware-assisted virtualization support must be enabled in the BIOS

  • CPU support for Data Execution Prevention must be enabled in the BIOS (NX on AMD chips, XD on Intel chips)

While not required for the Server edition of Hyper-V unless you intend to use RemoteFX, second-level address translation (SLAT) can greatly enhance the performance...

Networking


Networking in a Hyper-V Server cluster can be very confusing for newcomers. A clustered Hyper-V Server host requires a large number of distinct network connections in comparison to most other computing system deployments. The traffic types were covered in Chapter 1, Hyper-V Cluster Orientation. For review, they are given as follows:

  • Management

  • Live Migration

  • Cluster and Cluster Shared Volumes

  • Virtual machine

  • Storage (unless using direct-attached)

The recommended setup is to use at least a one-gigabit adapter for each of the above. If you won't be using Cluster Shared Volumes, then you can skip having a dedicated adapter for cluster communications. The pathways to iSCSI, SMB 3.0, and Fibre Channel benefit from the redundancy of multiple adapters, and most storage can leverage multi-path I/O (MPIO) to aggregate bandwidth. Be aware that it is common to overestimate the amount of bandwidth that storage systems actually require. Keep this in mind if you are considering using more than two...

Shared storage


To provide high availability for virtual machines, shared storage is absolutely essential. Shared storage can be directly attached to your Hyper-V Server hosts or can communicate with them over a TCP/IP network, Fibre Channel (FC) interconnects, or other networks. You may utilize dedicated devices or general purpose servers to fulfill this requirement.

Storage area network devices

Storage area network (SAN) devices are considered mid-end to high-end storage components. While the term has broad and sometimes inconsistent applications in the realm of interconnected shared storage devices, it is most commonly used to refer to a singular self-contained unit. A SAN contains a bank of hard drives that can be accessed by multiple hosts. What defines a unit as a SAN is that it presents its storage at the block level, just the way that internal storage would. SAN storage devices have sophisticated capabilities beyond simply providing disk storage and I/O. Exact features will vary among...

Software licensing


Virtualization and clustering introduce potentially complex licensing considerations. The first issue you'll deal with is how to license your guest operating systems. Next, you'll consider the applications that will run on them.

Windows Server and guest virtualization rights

Microsoft has dramatically simplified their licensing scheme beginning with Windows Server 2012. Two of the editions, Standard and Datacenter, include guest virtualization rights with each license sold. Standard edition provides for two guests while Datacenter allows an unlimited number of guests. It is important to understand how these work as licensing may influence the number of physical hosts that you purchase.

The terms that Microsoft uses in its licensing documentation to distinguish the operating system that is installed directly on hardware from virtualized guest operating systems are Physical Operating System Environment (OSE) and Virtual OSE, respectively. These terms are rarely used in other...

Hyper-V and cluster-related software planning


Deploying Hyper-V Server and Failover Clustering to provide services for your virtual machines is only one piece of the overall puzzle. The hypervisor and cluster will also need to be monitored and maintained. Applications used for these purposes need to be included and accounted for in your planning.

Remote software applications

It is common for maintenance and monitoring applications to run on remote systems. In this case, remote may not be an entirely accurate descriptor. It is not unheard of for some of these tools to be installed on highly available guests within the cluster. Regardless of where they actually live, these applications will interact with your cluster and its nodes using remote techniques. This may involve providing TCP/IP connectivity, manipulating firewall ports, setting user and group permissions, and installing agents.

Truly remote applications, such as RemoteApps and software intended to run in a VDI scenario, may have particular...

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Description

This book is written in a friendly and practical style with numerous tutorials centred on common as well as atypical Hyper-V cluster designs. This book also features a sample cluster design throughout to help you learn how to design a Hyper-V in a real-world scenario.Microsoft Hyper-V Cluster Design is perfect for the systems administrator who has a good understanding of Windows Server in an Active Directory domain and is ready to expand into a highly available virtualized environment. It only expects that you will be familiar with basic hypervisor terminology.
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Publication date : Oct 22, 2013
Length: 462 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781782177685
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Table of Contents

13 Chapters
1. Hyper-V Cluster Orientation Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
2. Cluster Design and Planning Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
3. Constructing a Hyper-V Server Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
4. Storage Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
5. Network Design Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
6. Network Traffic Shaping and Performance Enhancements Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
7. Memory Planning and Management Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
8. Performance Testing and Load Balancing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
9. Special Cases Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
10. Maintaining and Monitoring a Hyper-V Server Cluster Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
11. High Availability Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
12. Backup and Disaster Recovery Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Index Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
(3 Ratings)
5 star 100%
4 star 0%
3 star 0%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
BDoubleU Jul 06, 2016
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Great book that covers all design concepts required for a product cluster including converged infrustructure. A+
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Johary G May 09, 2015
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Without understanding this book, you won't build your cluster. Period.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
dc Sep 15, 2014
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
In my opinion this is one of the best Hyper-V / Failover Cluster books out there. The content is great and I would highly recommend it for any engineer wanting to understand their environment, or any consultant that has to work with Hyper-V.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
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