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Understanding Transactions and Locking

Now that we've covered an introduction to PostgreSQL 13, we want to focus our attention on the next important topic. Locking is a vital concept for any kind of database. It is not enough to understand just how it works to write proper or better applications—it is also essential from a performance point of view. Without handling locks properly, your applications might not only be slow; they might also behave in very unexpected ways. In my opinion, locking is the key to performance, and having a good overview of this will certainly help. Therefore, understanding locking and transactions is important for administrators and developers alike. In this chapter, you will learn about the following topics:

Working with PostgreSQL transactions
Understanding basic locking
Making use of FOR SHARE and FOR UPDATE
Understanding transaction isolation...

Key benefits

Master advanced PostgreSQL 13 concepts with the help of real-world datasets and examples

Leverage PostgreSQL’s indexing features to fine-tune the performance of your queries

Extend PostgreSQL's functionalities to suit your organization's needs with minimal effort

Description

Thanks to its reliability, robustness, and high performance, PostgreSQL has become one of the most advanced open source databases on the market. This updated fourth edition will help you understand PostgreSQL administration and how to build dynamic database solutions for enterprise apps with the latest release of PostgreSQL, including designing both physical and technical aspects of the system architecture with ease. Starting with an introduction to the new features in PostgreSQL 13, this book will guide you in building efficient and fault-tolerant PostgreSQL apps. You’ll explore advanced PostgreSQL features, such as logical replication, database clusters, performance tuning, advanced indexing, monitoring, and user management, to manage and maintain your database. You’ll then work with the PostgreSQL optimizer, configure PostgreSQL for high speed, and move from Oracle to PostgreSQL. The book also covers transactions, locking, and indexes, and shows you how to improve performance with query optimization. You’ll also focus on how to manage network security and work with backups and replication while exploring useful PostgreSQL extensions that optimize the performance of large databases. By the end of this PostgreSQL book, you’ll be able to get the most out of your database by executing advanced administrative tasks.

Who is this book for?

This database administration book is for PostgreSQL developers and database administrators and professionals who want to implement advanced functionalities and master complex administrative tasks with PostgreSQL 13. Prior experience in PostgreSQL and familiarity with the basics of database administration will assist with understanding key concepts covered in the book.

What you will learn

Get well versed with advanced SQL functions in PostgreSQL 13

Get to grips with administrative tasks such as log file management and monitoring

Work with stored procedures and manage backup and recovery

Employ replication and failover techniques to reduce data loss

Perform database migration from Oracle to PostgreSQL with ease

Replicate PostgreSQL database systems to create backups and scale your database

Manage and improve server security to protect your data

Troubleshoot your PostgreSQL instance to find solutions to common and not-so-common problems

What do you get with Print?

Instant access to your digital eBook copy whilst your Print order is Shipped

Paperback book shipped to your preferred address

Download this book in EPUB and PDF formats

Access this title in our online reader with advanced features

DRM FREE - Read whenever, wherever and however you want

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C. C Chin Dec 29, 2023

IRS uses that version

Amazon Verified review

Tim Smith Mar 29, 2022

I genuinely don't know why some of the other reviews have had poor experiences with this book. It was perfect for what I needed, which was exposure to all parts of PostgreSQL. It methodically takes you through the ins and outs. It is well written and explains things clearly.

KS Mar 26, 2021

This book des not include any introductory contents including 'What is Postgresql', 'Installing PostgreSQL', 'Getting started', and so on.This is a book for PostgreSQL DBA and application developer with these introductory and intermediate level experience and knowledge.This book does not contain any advanced information about general SQL usage. Instead, this book is full of information about unique feature of PostgreSQL, not only for the latest version but also for all the recent versions, covering many important TIPS for DBA work, database design and application development.First chapter covers major new features with version 13. Readers may need to learn basics of underlyning techniques such as B-Tree, WAL and VACUUM, which is available from many sources online.Important topics in the book include:1) Locking and use of SELECT FOR SHARE/UPDATE,2) Vacuum3) Index management and query plan4) Clustering5) Adding new index6) GiST and GIN index basics7) Full text search8) File configuration and log9) Database monitoring and inspection10) PostgreSQL configuration11) Inheritance and partitioning12) Parallel query13) Stored procedure using various languages including PL/PgSQL, PL/Python, C-language using SPI,14) Security, various authentication and permission setups,15) Backup and recovery16) Physical and logical replication17) Migration to PostgreSQLThese topics cover most of the important PostgreSQL-specific behavior and functionality needed for advanced usage.These topics are a very good introduction for deeper dive. Codes used in this book are provided online and are simple enough to run by readers. It must be a great help to learn.One more topic I'd like to see is JSON and JSONB. PostgreSQL has native JSON features with excellent performance, beating NoSQLs. Many readers may want to learn this more.

Andrew Jan 23, 2021

I bought this book in the expectation that it would give me a much deeper understanding of PostgreSQL beyond what documentation would give me - as the name suggested it would. But it really didn't live up to expectations - it is a weird mixture of trivial observations that anyone who has worked with PostgreSQL a bit, and recitations of selected obscure areas of PostgreSQL that someone could easily look up if they needed it without really giving any insight into how they are useful.Particularly grating was how blatantly the author advertises his own business and other book - often to the detriment of the quality of the book (and especially to the credibility of it, when they are advising which third-party tools to use and they have a dog in the race which they are pushing in the book). Often the strategy of the author seems to be to keep the reader in the dark about how to solve problems and hint that they could engage the author's company (e.g. "Even if it is broken, our PostgreSQL support company might need it to track down the reason for the crash." - with nothing about how to do it yourself).Particularly disappointing was the quality of the replication chapter - replication is an area I particularly wanted to understand deeper, since it is one of the hardest parts of getting HA and PostgreSQL right. The author opens the chapter with an admission that it is "only a short introduction" to replication and pushing people to another of his books - but this candour is of course only after someone has already purchased the book.The book doesn't mention many other parts of the ecosystem at all - pgbackrest, Patroni, barman, etc... that someone who has mastered PostgreSQL would know.Overall, if I knew what I know now, I wouldn't have purchased it, and wouldn't recommend it.

Johnson J. Dec 21, 2020

The book describes concepts associated to relational databases and sets them into context of PostgreSQL (version 13). Unfortunately, the author is not able to draw a red line and focus on key aspects. In many areas the book remains superficial and it is better to read the online documentation of PostgreSQL instead. Additionally, the book does not seem to be completely updated to version 13 of PostgreSQL. I cannot recommend it and would not buy it again.Here is an example of what I mean with missing a red line and omitting key aspects. In section 7 (Writing Stored Procedures), the reader would expect a sound introduction followed by details in procedures (maybe routines in general) and procedural programming as supported by PostgreSQL. The section begins with page 292 (position 5511 in kindle). A description of procedural syntax, however, is not introduced before page 321 (position 5967 in kindle). From there to the end of the section (which is on page 342 or position 6275 in kindle), the reader is served mostly simplistic and no interesting procedures and functions. For the whole sections, the author is not capable to illustrate the difference between function and procedures (neither in the description nor in terms of subsections). The beginning of the section is promising but the author starts to mix other concepts and topics instead of explaining what would be relevant here. For example the topic of how to handle quotes turns into a discussion about SQL injection – while this is an important topic of its own, again neither handling quotes nor SQL injection is covered in a sense that you could have a real take away. In that specific example the auther introduces the quote_literal function calls it important (to prevent the SQL injection) but does not provide or explain by example how to use it in a procedure. This is a pattern you will find throughout the book.Good about the book is, that most code examples are executable (that is why I rate it with two instead of one star). However, the layout is not fully consistent and system responses are sometimes a bit creepy in layout (at least with the kindle version). Referencing code could be done better as well. While I believe that the author possesses profound knowledge about PostgreSQL, he is just not a good author and should not write books – sorry!

Transaction 1	Transaction 2
`BEGIN;`	`BEGIN;`
`UPDATE t_test SET id = id + 1 RETURNING *;`
User will see `1`	`SELECT * FROM t_test;`
	User will see `0`
...

Transaction 1	Transaction 2
`BEGIN;`
`SELECT sum(balance) FROM t_account;`
User will see `300`	`BEGIN;`
	`INSERT INTO t_account (balance) VALUES (100);`
	`COMMIT;`
`SELECT sum(balance) FROM t_account;`
User will see `400`
`COMMIT;`

Transaction 1	Transaction 2
`BEGIN;`	`BEGIN;`
`UPDATE t_deadlock` `SET id = id * 10` `WHERE id = 1;`	`UPDATE t_deadlock` `SET id = id * 10` `WHERE id = 2;`
`UPDATE t_deadlock` `SET id = id * 10` `WHERE id = 2;`
Waiting on transaction 2	`UPDATE t_deadlock` `SET id = id * 10` `WHERE id = 1;`
Waiting on transaction 2	Waiting on transaction 1
	Deadlock will be resolved after 1 second (`deadlock_timeout`)
`COMMIT;`	`ROLLBACK;`

Session 1	Session 2
`BEGIN;`
`SELECT pg_advisory_lock(15);`
	`SELECT pg_advisory_lock(15);`
	It has to wait
`COMMIT;`	It still has to wait
`SELECT pg_advisory_unlock(15);`	It is still waiting
	Lock is taken

Mastering PostgreSQL 13: Build, administer, and maintain database applications efficiently with PostgreSQL 13 , Fourth Edition

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