A background on CAVs and their concepts

Let us begin with the concept of CAVs. Technology allows vehicles to talk to each other, as well as the infrastructure surrounding them. A connected car can enhance the driver’s experience. The connectivity can be through 5G or prior generations. General Motors (GM) and AT&T are working together to provide 5G-equipped automobiles by 2024 (see https://www.fiercewireless.com/5g/at-t-marks-first-5g-connected-car-deal-gm).

There were an estimated 236 million connected cars on the road as of 2021 (source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1155517/global-connected-car-fleet-by-market/). A CAV can enhance safety, reliability, and security, as well as offering improved infotainment options. In a CAV, the driver has ultimate control over the vehicle. The 5G network provides much-needed low-latency connectivity to CAVs. 5G will facilitate the use of network slices to this end. 5G will also allow the deployment of appropriate private mobile...