Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We can include other contexts through the use of the include directive."

A block of code is set as follows:

df = data.frame(
Year=c(2013, 2013, 2013), 
Country=c("Arab World","Carribean States", "Central Europe"),
LifeExpectancy=c(71, 72, 76))

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

IrisBySpecies <- split(iris,iris$Species)

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this:"You can now just click on Stream to access the live stream from the camera."

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip

Tips and tricks appear like this.