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Kubernetes for Developers
Kubernetes for Developers

Kubernetes for Developers: Use Kubernetes to develop, test, and deploy your applications with the help of containers

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Kubernetes for Developers

Packaging Your Code to Run in Kubernetes

n this chapter, we will dig into the first thing you need to enable to use Kubernetes: getting your software into a container. We will review what containers are, how you store and share images, and how to build a container. The chapter then continues with two examples, one in Python, and another in Node.js, which step you through how to take simple example code from those languages to build containers, and run them within Kubernetes. The sections of this chapter are:

  • Container images
  • Making your own container
  • Python example—making a container image
  • Node.js example—making a container image
  • Tagging your container images

Container images

The first step for using Kubernetes is getting your software into a container. Docker is the easiest way to create these containers, and it is a fairly simple process. Let's take a moment to look at an existing container image to understand what choices you will need to make when creating your own containers:

docker pull docker.io/jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1

First, you'll see it pulling down a list of files with arcane IDs. You'll see them updating in parallel, as it tries to grab these as they're available:

v1: Pulling from jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp
5c90d4a2d1a8: Downloading 3.145MB/51.35MB
ab30c63719b1: Downloading 3.931MB/18.55MB
29d0bc1e8c52: Download complete
d4fe0dc68927: Downloading 2.896MB/13.67MB
dfa9e924f957: Waiting

And when the downloads are complete, the output will update to say extracting, and finally pull complete:

v1...

Making your first container

Making a container is something easily done with the Docker software and the docker build command. This command uses a manifest that details how to create the container, called a Dockerfile.

Let's start with the simplest possible container. Create a file called a Dockerfile and add this to it:

FROM alpine
CMD ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 'hello world'"]

And then, invoke build:

docker build .

If you see a response like this:

"docker build" requires exactly 1 argument.
See 'docker build --help'.
Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
Build an image from a Dockerfile

Then you are either missing the . in the command, or ran the command in a directory different from where you created the Dockerfile. The . is telling docker where to find Dockerfile (. meaning] in this current directory...

Example – Python/Flask container image

To walk through the details of how to use Kubernetes, I have created two sample applications that you can download, or replicate to follow along and try out these commands. The first of these is a very simple Python application using the Flask library. The sample application is directly from the Flask documentation (http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.12/).

You can download a copy of this code from GitHub at https://github.com/kubernetes-for-developers/kfd-flask/tree/first_container. Since we will evolve these files, the code referenced here is available at the first_container tag. If you want to use Git to get these files, you can run the following commands:

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-for-developers/kfd-flask

Then, go into the repository and check out the tag: 

cd kfd-flask
git checkout tags/first_container

Let&apos...

Example – Node.js/Express container image

This example follows the same pattern as the Python example, a simple Node.js application built with the Express library to walk through the details of how to use Kubernetes. If you are more familiar with JavaScript development, this example may be more meaningful. The sample application is directly from the Express documentation (https://expressjs.com/en/starter/generator.html).

You can get a download a copy of this code from GitHub at https://github.com/kubernetes-for-developers/kfd-nodejs/tree/first_container. Since we will evolve these files, the code referenced here is available at the first_container tag. If you want to use Git to retrieve these files, you can do so using the following commands:

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-for-developers/kfd-nodejs
cd kfd-nodejs
git checkout tags/first_container

Like the...

Tagging your container images

Using the :latest tag on Docker images is incredibly convenient, but it can easily lead to confusion as to what exactly is running. If you do use :latest, then it is a very good idea to also tell Kubernetes to always attempt to pull a new image when loading the container. We will see how to set this in Chapter 4, Declarative Infrastructure, when we talk about declaratively defining our applications.

An alternative is to make explicit tags, building with a tag, and also using docker tag to tag the image as latest for the convenience factor, but maintaining specific tags within the declarations that you check in to source control. For this example, the tag chosen is 0.2.0, using semantic versioning to represent a value to use with the container, and matched to a git tag as well.

The steps that were used while making this example were:

git tag 0...

Summary

In this chapter, we reviewed what makes up a container, how to store and share containers on the internet, and some of the commands you can use to create your own containers. We then used that knowledge to walk through an example in Python and another in Node.js, creating simple web-based services in both, building those into container images, and running them within Kubernetes. In our next chapter, we will dive deeper into how to interact with your code once it's been packaged into a container and will explore tips for taking full advantage of containers and Kubernetes during your development.

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Key benefits

  • •Develop and run your software using containers within a Kubernetes environment
  • •Get hands-on experience of using Kubernetes with DevOps concepts such as continuous integration, benchmark testing, monitoring, and so on
  • •Pragmatic example-based approach showing how to use Kubernetes in the development process

Description

Kubernetes is documented and typically approached from the perspective of someone running software that has already been built. Kubernetes may also be used to enhance the development process, enabling more consistent testing and analysis of code to help developers verify not only its correctness, but also its efficiency. This book introduces key Kubernetes concepts, coupled with examples of how to deploy and use them with a bit of Node.js and Python example code, so that you can quickly replicate and use that knowledge. You will begin by setting up Kubernetes to help you develop and package your code. We walk you through the setup and installation process before working with Kubernetes in the development environment. We then delve into concepts such as automating your build process, autonomic computing, debugging, and integration testing. This book covers all the concepts required for a developer to work with Kubernetes. By the end of this book, you will be in a position to use Kubernetes in development ecosystems.

Who is this book for?

If you are a full-stack or back-end software developers interested, curious, or being asked to test as well as run the code you're creating, you can leverage Kubernetes to make that process simpler and consistent regardless of where you deploy. If you're looking for developer focused examples in NodeJS and Python for how to build, test, deploy, and run your code with Kubernetes, this is perfect for you.

What you will learn

  • • Build your software into containers
  • • Deploy and debug software running in containers within Kubernetes
  • • Declare and add configuration through Kubernetes
  • • Define how your application fits together, using internal and external services
  • • Add feedback to your code to help Kubernetes manage your services
  • • Monitor and measure your services through integration testing and in production deployments

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Publication date : Apr 06, 2018
Length: 374 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788830607
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Product Details

Publication date : Apr 06, 2018
Length: 374 pages
Edition : 1st
Language : English
ISBN-13 : 9781788830607
Vendor :
Google
Languages :
Tools :

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Table of Contents

11 Chapters
Setting Up Kubernetes for Development Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Packaging Your Code to Run in Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Interacting with Your Code in Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Declarative Infrastructure Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Pod and Container Lifecycles Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Background Processing in Kubernetes Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Monitoring and Metrics Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Logging and Tracing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Integration Testing Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Troubleshooting Common Problems and Next Steps Chevron down icon Chevron up icon
Other Books You May Enjoy Chevron down icon Chevron up icon

Customer reviews

Top Reviews
Rating distribution
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Half star icon 4.5
(6 Ratings)
5 star 66.7%
4 star 16.7%
3 star 16.7%
2 star 0%
1 star 0%
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Manoj Ramesh Joshi May 29, 2019
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Good product!!!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
N.K. Jun 01, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
An excellent read. This book is well thought out, organized and rich with valuable information. Highly recommend it.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
J Hutton Jun 04, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Mr. Heck has a home run with this tomb of knowledge. I look forward to using it in future containment projects. Keep up the great work!
Amazon Verified review Amazon
Sebastien Jun 03, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon 5
Très bon livre pour un dev expérimenté comme moi. On y explique les concepts et les notions qu'on a du mal à comprendre avec la doc. J'aurais bien aimé un exemple helm mais c'est pas vraiment le sujet du livre.
Amazon Verified review Amazon
E. Weber Jul 22, 2018
Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Full star icon Empty star icon 4
I really appreciated the digital version of this bookAs the title of the book implies the target audience are developers.The book is an easy read and doesn't get into too much details allowing a quick grasp of the different aspects of Kubernetes.There are a lot of reference in the book itself that provide more in depth content a click away when needed.The main focus of the book is the development lifecycle (packaging, deploying, debugging etc) and the author does a good job at explaining it in my opinion. I only had high level notion of what Kubernetes could do for me when I started reading and within 48 hours I had a running workflow for my project that I can now run on different Kubernetes Cluster (local setup and actual multi node setup).Contrary to a lot Programming Books nowadays, Kubernetes for Developers seems to have been edited reasonably. There is not a lot of typos and the text is easily readable.I only gave it 4 stars and not 5 mainly because some of the examples output are a little hard to read at least with the digital version. The outputs sometimes span multiple lines (I would have preferred maybe a vertical print for the output or a zoomable picture). Also at the time of this writing the price of the digital copy is a little too high IMO.
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